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What are the main uses of sulphaguanidine?
Sulphaguanidine (Sulphaguanidine) is an antimicrobial drug of sulfonamides. Its main use is related to the treatment of intestinal infections.
After oral administration of sulphaguanidine, it is difficult to be absorbed in the intestine and is mostly retained in the intestinal cavity, so it can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria in the intestine. In the past, this drug was often used to treat bacterial dysentery, enteritis and other intestinal diseases. In the diseases caused by the growth of intestinal bacteria, sulphaguanidine can exert its antibacterial effect, hinder the metabolism of bacteria, inhibit growth, and then relieve the suffering of patients.
In the case of intestinal infections, such as those caused by dysentery bacteria and Escherichia coli, sulfaguanidine has certain coping power. However, with the passage of time, the situation of bacterial resistance has become more and more serious. Today, the clinical application of sulfadiguanidine is not as extensive as it used to be. However, under certain circumstances, if there is no better alternative drug for intestinal infections caused by some bacteria that are still sensitive to sulfadiguanidine, it may still play a therapeutic role. Although the development of drugs is changing with each passing day, sulfadiguanidine once had its position in the treatment of intestinal infections.
What are the side effects of sulphaguanidine?
In the case of sulfadiguanidine, it is also a sulfadiazide drug. It has some side effects and cannot be ignored.
First, or allergic disease. This drug can cause abnormal immune response in the body, and it is a genus of rash and itching. In severe cases, there may be exfoliative dermatitis, bullosan epidermolytic atrophic dermatitis, which endangers life.
Second, it hurts the hematopoietic system. Or causes leukocyte, thrombocytopenia, and even panocytosis. Long-term use, or it can cause aplastic anemia, make the bone marrow hematopoietic function decline, and qi and blood metaplasia are passive.
Third, it involves the urinary system. Sulfonamides and their metabolites have low solubility in acidic urine, easy to precipitate crystals, cause urinary tract obstruction, patients with frequent urination, urgency, urinary pain, and even hematuria, oliguria, and anuria.
Fourth, damage to the digestive system. Common nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, etc., disturb the function of the spleen and stomach, make the water and grain do not melt, and the essence is difficult to cloth.
Fifth, affect the nervous system. Or have dizziness, headache, and fatigue, which disturb the brain and mind, cause loss of body clarity and loss of nourishment, and look sleepy.
When taking medication, the patient's physical condition should be carefully reviewed and the pros and cons should be weighed. If there is any discomfort, stop the medicine and seek medical attention to protect health.
How is sulphaguanidine metabolized in the body?
Sulphaguanidine is an antimicrobial drug of sulfonamides. The metabolic process in the body is quite complicated and has its own unique path.
After it enters the body, it is first absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. However, the degree of absorption is not complete, and some of it remains in the intestines. Those absorbed follow the blood circulation to the liver. In the liver, sulfaguanidine will go through the process of biotransformation. Many enzymes in the liver participate in this transformation, often causing the acetylation of sulfaguanidine. This acetylation product may have different pharmacological activities and metabolic characteristics.
Those who are not absorbed and remain in the intestines are not inactive. It can directly exert antibacterial effect in the intestines and inhibit the reproduction and growth of harmful bacteria in the intestines. The structure of sulfaguanidine can compete with the p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) required for bacterial growth for dihydrosphenoic acid synthase, so that bacteria cannot synthesize folic acid normally, and folic acid is necessary for bacterial growth and reproduction, so as to achieve the purpose of antibacterial.
As for the products that have been absorbed and metabolized by the liver, or circulated to the kidneys with the blood. The kidneys are important organs for excretion, and will filter and excrete these metabolites. Some metabolites can be excreted in the urine and complete the metabolic journey in the body. This is the general situation of sulfaguanidine metabolism in the body. The process is delicate and complex, and it is related to many links of human physiology.
What are the precautions when using sulphaguanidine?
Sulphaguanidine is a medicine commonly used by doctors. When it is used, many matters must be observed.
The first to bear the brunt is the dosage. The dosage of the drug must be accurately determined according to the symptoms, age, physique and other factors of the patient. If the dose is too large, it may cause poisoning and involve the viscera; if the dose is too small, the efficacy of the drug will not be obvious, and the disease will not be cured. Doctors should carefully review the condition, weigh the pros and cons, and ensure that the dosage is just right.
Furthermore, the course of medication. The length of treatment must be determined according to the severity and severity of the disease. If the course of treatment is too short, the disease and evil have not been removed, and it is easy to cause relapse; if the course of treatment is too long, it may lead to the disadvantages of drug resistance and increase the burden of patients. Therefore, doctors must identify the disease and adjust it in a timely manner to obtain the full effect.
Adverse reactions of sulfaguanidine should not be taken lightly. Common cases such as nausea, vomiting, skin rash, etc., severe cases may cause damage to the hematopoietic system, liver and kidney functions. During the medication period, pay close attention to the patient's reaction. If there is any abnormality, stop the medication immediately and apply rescue methods.
In addition, drug interactions cannot be ignored. When sulfaguanidine is used in combination with other drugs, it may interact, affect the efficacy of the drug, or even increase its toxicity. Doctors must carefully observe the drugs used by patients to avoid adverse interactions and ensure the safety of medication.
The physical differences of drug users are also important considerations. People with allergies should be especially cautious when using sulfadiguanidine. Allergy tests should be performed before medication to prevent the risk of allergies.
All of these are the key points to pay attention to when using sulfadiguanidine. When taking medication, doctors must carefully consider and weigh the pros and cons, so as to make the medication as effective as possible and ensure the well-being of patients.
Does Sulphaguanidine interact with other drugs?
Sulphaguanidine (Sulphaguanidine) is also a sulfonamide drug. In the medical tract, the possibility of frequent interactions between various drugs, sulphaguanidine is no exception.
According to pharmacology, sulphaguanidine is mainly used for intestinal infections. When used in combination with other drugs, it may interact with each other. For example, when used in combination with drugs containing p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), the antibacterial mechanism of sulphaguanidine is to compete with PABA for dihydrofolate synthase. If the two compete with drugs containing PABA, the antibacterial efficacy of sulphaguanidine may be reduced.
Furthermore, when taken with acidic drugs, the solubility of sulfaguanidine in acidic urine decreases, and it is easy to precipitate crystals, causing urinary tract stones and other diseases, and damaging the kidney.
If it is used equally with oral anticoagulants and oral hypoglycemic drugs, sulfaguanidine can replace the plasma protein bound to it, resulting in an increase in the free concentration of these second-class drugs, an increase in the effect, or hemorrhage, hypoglycemia and other changes.
In addition, it can be used in combination with liver drug enzyme inducers or inhibitors. In case of liver drug enzyme inducers, sulfaguanidine metabolism can be accelerated, blood drug concentrations will decrease, and the efficacy will be weakened; in case of liver drug enzyme inhibitors, the metabolism will slow down, blood drug concentrations will increase, and the risk of adverse reactions will increase.
Therefore, when sulfaguanidine is used in combination with other drugs, there is a risk of interaction. When a doctor uses drugs, he must carefully review the relationship between drugs and weigh the advantages and disadvantages in order to achieve the purpose of treating patients and saving people, and avoid the disease of drugs.