2- (Cyclohexylamino) What are the main uses of Ethanesulfonic Acid?
2-%28Cyclohexylamino%29Ethanesulfonic Acid is 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid, often referred to as CHES. This is an important biological buffer and has a wide range of uses in the field of biochemistry and molecular biology experiments.
Its primary use is to maintain a stable pH environment. Many biochemical reactions in organisms are extremely sensitive to pH value, and subtle changes may affect the reaction rate and enzyme activity. CHES has good buffering ability, which can resist large fluctuations in pH caused by the addition of a small amount of acid or base within a specific pH range, providing a suitable acid-base environment for biomolecules. For example, in the study of proteins and nucleic acids, maintaining a stable pH value is essential to ensure the integrity of their structure and function.
Furthermore, CHES is often used in the preparation of electrophoresis buffers. Electrophoresis is a commonly used technique for the separation and analysis of biological macromolecules. The pH and ionic strength of the buffer have a significant impact on the electrophoresis effect. CHES can create stable pH conditions and help biomolecules of different sizes and charges to achieve efficient separation.
In addition, CHES also plays a key role in enzymatic reaction systems. The catalytic activity of enzymes usually requires a specific pH range. Adjusting and stabilizing the pH of the reaction system with CHES can enable enzymes to exert the best catalytic efficiency, thereby promoting the development of related research and applications.
In summary, 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid, with its pH-stabilizing properties, is indispensable in many links of biochemistry and molecular biology experiments, providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of scientific research.
What are the Physical Properties of 2- (Cyclohexylamino) Ethanesulfonic Acid
2-%28Cyclohexylamino%29Ethanesulfonic Acid is 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid, often abbreviated as CHES. This is an important biological buffer and has a wide range of uses in biochemical and molecular biology experiments. Its physical properties are as follows:
Looking at its properties, CHES usually appears as a white crystalline powder, which is conducive to storage and retrieval, and its chemical properties are relatively stable in the solid state.
When it comes to solubility, it is easily soluble in water, which is very critical because many biochemical experiments need to be carried out in aqueous solution systems. It can be rapidly and fully soluble in water, making it easy to prepare buffer solutions of different concentrations to meet the needs of various experiments. However, its solubility in organic solvents is poor, such as common organic solvents such as ethanol and ether, and its solubility to CHES is limited, which determines that its application scenarios mainly revolve around the aqueous phase system.
In addition to the melting point, the melting point of CHES is roughly between 230-235 ° C. The higher the melting point indicates that the intermolecular force is strong and the structure is relatively stable. Under normal experimental temperature conditions, CHES can maintain a solid state to ensure the convenience and accuracy of experimental operations.
The pH buffer range is about 8.6-10.0. Within this pH range, CHES exhibits excellent buffering ability, which can effectively resist the influence of adding a small amount of acid or base on the pH value of the solution, maintain the pH stability of the system, and create a suitable and stable environment for biomacromolecules (such as proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), so that they can maintain normal structure and biological activity.
2- (Cyclohexylamino) Ethanesulfonic Acid in Biological Experiments
2 - (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid, often abbreviated as CHES, is used in many scenarios in biological experiments.
First, it is crucial for the construction of buffer systems. Chemical reactions in organisms are extremely sensitive to pH value. CHES can be used as an excellent buffer in the pH range of 8.6-10.0 due to its specific pKa value, about 9.3. For example, in protein research, protein stability is closely related to activity and environmental pH. In near-neutral or slightly alkaline experiments, CHES can maintain the pH stability of the system, prevent protein from changing due to pH fluctuations, and ensure the smooth progress of the experiment.
Second, nucleic acid research is also commonly used. When nucleic acid extraction and analysis, a specific pH environment is required to ensure the integrity and activity of nucleic acid structure. CHES buffer can create suitable pH conditions, avoid nucleic acid degradation, and ensure the accuracy of subsequent PCR, sequencing and other experiments.
Third, the study of enzyme activity is indispensable. Enzyme optimal activity requires a specific pH environment. The CHES buffer system can provide suitable pH for different enzymes, such as enzymes that function under certain alkaline conditions. The use of CHES can precisely regulate the pH of the reaction, study enzyme kinetic parameters, substrate specificity, etc.
Fourth, it is also used in the field of cell culture. Cell growth requires strict environmental pH, and CHES can be used as a medium buffer component to maintain the stability of cell growth environment pH, which is conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation, and lays the foundation for cell physiological function research. In conclusion, 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid plays a significant role in many fields of biological experiments, and is an important reagent to ensure reliable and accurate experimental results.
What is the chemical synthesis method of 2- (Cyclohexylamino) Ethanesulfonic Acid
To prepare 2 - (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid, the method is as follows:
First take an appropriate amount of ethylene oxide and place it in a clean reactor. Ethylene oxide is active in nature, and this is the key raw material for the initiation of the reaction.
Take another cyclohexylamine and slowly add it to the reactor containing ethylene oxide. When the two meet, when the reaction temperature is controlled in an appropriate range, about 30 to 50 degrees Celsius. Because the temperature is too high, the reaction is easy to get out of control; if it is too low, the reaction rate is slow. In this temperature range, cyclohexylamine and ethylene oxide undergo nucleophilic addition reaction. The nitrogen atom in the amino group is nucleophilic, attacking the epoxy bond of ethylene oxide, and ring-opening forms 2 - (cyclohexylamino)
After the first step of the reaction is completed, an appropriate amount of fuming sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid is added to the system, both of which are sulfonating agents. During the sulfonation reaction, the temperature needs to be controlled at 60 to 80 degrees Celsius. Sulfur atoms in fuming sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid have strong electrophilicity and react with the hydroxyl group of 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanol to introduce the sulfonic acid group, and then prepare 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid.
After the reaction is completed, the system is neutralized to neutral with a suitable alkali solution, such as sodium hydroxide solution, to remove excess acid. After extraction, distillation, recrystallization, etc. to purify the product, pure 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid can be obtained.
What are the advantages of 2- (Cyclohexylamino) Ethanesulfonic Acid over other similar compounds
2-%28Cyclohexylamino%29Ethanesulfonic Acid is 2- (cyclohexylamino) ethanesulfonic acid, often abbreviated as CHES. Compared with other similar compounds, this substance has the following advantages.
First, CHES has good buffering properties. Its pKa value is about 9.3, and it performs well in the buffer range of pH 8.6-10.0. When there are acid and base substances in the system, it can effectively resist large changes in pH and maintain the stability of pH of the system. This is crucial for many pH-sensitive biochemical reactions and biological experiments. For example, in protein crystallization experiments, a suitable and stable pH environment is the basis for ensuring the normal crystalline morphology and structure of proteins, and CHES can take this role.
Second, the chemical properties are stable. In common experimental conditions and reaction systems, it is not easy to chemically react on its own, nor to react with other chemicals in the system for no reason, ensuring the simplicity of the experimental system components and making the experimental results more reliable and reproducible. Taking enzyme activity research as an example, if the buffer reacts with enzymes or substrates, the experimental conclusions will be distorted due to interference factors, and the stability of CHES avoids such problems.
Third, low toxicity. It has little damage to biological cells and tissues. In experiments involving biological samples, such as cell culture, in vivo metabolism research, etc., the use of CHES buffer system will not affect the activity and normal physiological function of biological samples due to the toxicity of the buffer itself, which greatly facilitates the development of experiments and research in the field of life sciences.
Fourth, good solubility. Whether in aqueous systems or some organic solvent systems, CHES can be well dissolved, providing convenience for the selection of different types of experiments and reaction systems, allowing researchers to flexibly build suitable reaction environments according to their own needs.