2-Hydroxy-4-Morpholinepropanesulphonic Acid

2-Hydroxy-4-morpholine propanesulfonic acid, its English name is 2-Hydroxy-4-Morpholinepropanesulphonic Acid, often referred to as MOPS. The chemical structure of this compound is formed by the connection of the morpholine ring and the propanesulfonic acid group through the hydroxyl group.
Looking at its structure, the morpholine ring has the shape of a six-membered heterocycle, and there are oxygen and nitrogen diheteroatoms in the ring. This ring is stable in nature and has a great influence on the overall structure and properties of the compound. Nitrogen atoms have lone pairs of electrons, can participate in a variety of chemical reactions, and also play a key role in the interaction with other molecules.
Propanesulfonic acid groups are attached to the morpholine ring, which contains sulfonic acid groups (-SOH). The sulfonic acid group is a strong acidic group with good water solubility and ionization ability, which makes MOPS effective in adjusting pH in aqueous solution. The presence of hydroxyl groups (OH) attached to the carbon atom between the morpholine ring and the propane sulfonate group increases molecular polarity and enhances its interaction with water molecules, which also affects the solubility and reactivity of compounds.
MOPS has a unique chemical structure, which endows it with buffering properties. It is often used in biochemical and molecular biology experiments to maintain the stability of pH in the reaction system.

2-Hydroxy-4-morpholinpropanesulfonic acid, often referred to as HEPES, is an extremely important reagent in biochemical research. Its main uses are as follows:
First, it plays a significant role in the construction of biological buffer systems. Many biochemical reactions in organisms are extremely sensitive to environmental pH, and suitable pH environment is the key to the normal progress of the reaction. HEPES has excellent buffering properties and can maintain the pH stability of the solution in a specific range over a wide temperature and concentration range, usually pH 6.8-8.2. For example, in the field of cell culture, cell growth requires strict environmental pH. HEPES can effectively stabilize the pH of cell culture medium, create a good growth environment for cells, avoid adverse effects on cell growth, metabolism and morphology due to pH fluctuations, and greatly improve the success rate and stability of cell culture.
Second, it has made great contributions to the study of enzymatic reactions. Many enzymes have the best activity only under specific pH conditions. The stable buffer environment constructed by HEPES can ensure that the enzyme is always at a suitable pH during the reaction process, so that the enzyme can fully demonstrate its catalytic function, and help researchers accurately explore the enzymatic reaction mechanism and kinetic parameters. Like some key enzymes involved in the study of metabolic pathways, the HEPES buffer system can ensure the accuracy and reliability of experimental data, providing strong support for in-depth understanding of biological metabolic processes.
Third, it is indispensable in protein-related research. The structure and function of proteins are closely related to the pH of the environment in which they are located, and pH changes may cause protein denaturation and inactivation. HEPES can maintain the pH stability of the system and prevent protein structure changes due to pH fluctuations, which is conducive to protein crystallization, purification, and structure and function analysis. For example, in protein crystal growth experiments, stabilizing the pH environment is essential to obtain high-quality protein crystals. HEPES plays a key role in this process and promotes the development of protein structural biology.

The buffer range of 2-hydroxy-4-morpholinpropanesulfonic acid, often referred to as HEPES, is very important because it is crucial to maintain the stability of the pH of the system in many biological and chemical experiments.
The pH buffer range of this substance is about pH 6.8 to pH 8.2. In this range, it can effectively resist the large change in pH value of the solution caused by the addition of a small amount of acid or base. When an acid is added, the basic group in the HEPES molecule will react with it to reduce the change in the concentration of hydrogen ions; if a base is added, the acidic group will play a role in neutralizing hydroxide ions, thereby maintaining the pH value of the solution in a relatively stable state.
The reason why this buffer range is significant is that many biochemical reactions are extremely sensitive to pH. For example, during cell culture, the physiological function and metabolic activity of cells need to be within a specific pH environment to function normally. For example, in some enzymatic reactions, the activity of enzymes is often closely related to the pH value of the environment in which they are located. Only in a suitable pH range can enzymes exhibit the best activity and catalyze reactions to occur efficiently. The pH buffer range of HEPES meets many of these needs and is widely used in the fields of biology and biochemistry.

2-Hydroxy-4-morpholinpropanesulfonic acid, often known by its English abbreviation HEPES, is a commonly used buffer in biochemical research. When storing and transporting this substance, many key points need to be paid special attention to:
First, temperature control is extremely important. HEPES should be stored in a cool place, and the temperature should be maintained at 2-8 ° C. If the temperature is too high, it may cause its chemical properties to change and its buffering capacity to decrease; if the temperature is too low, it may cause its crystallization to precipitate, which will affect subsequent use. During transportation, necessary temperature control measures should also be taken to ensure that the temperature is suitable.
Second, humidity conditions cannot be ignored. HEPES is hygroscopic and easy to agglomerate and deteriorate when damp. When storing, be sure to place it in a dry environment. It is recommended to use a sealed container to prevent moisture from invading. In case of humid weather during transportation, it is necessary to protect against moisture, such as the use of moisture-proof packaging materials.
Third, the light factor also needs to be considered. Although HEPES is less sensitive to light than some substances, long-term light may still cause its slow decomposition. When storing and transporting, try to avoid direct sunlight. It is better to store it in a brown bottle or in a shaded package.
Fourth, the packaging must be stable. Whether it is storage or transportation, make sure that the packaging of HEPES is intact to prevent leakage. Because if HEPES leaks accidentally, it will not only cause material waste, but also may have a certain impact on the environment.
Finally, care should be taken to avoid mixing with other chemicals. HEPES may chemically react with certain substances and change their properties. Therefore, when storing and transporting, it should be placed separately, away from chemicals such as acids, bases and strong oxidants.

2-Hydroxy-4-morpholinpropanesulfonic acid, often referred to as MOPS, its common purity specifications are not contained in "Tiangong Kaiwu", but in today's chemical industry, there are many specifications as follows.
High purity, up to more than 99%, this kind is mostly used in biochemical experiments and pharmaceutical research and development that require strict purity of reagents. Biochemical experiments such as protein crystallization, enzyme activity research, drug composition analysis in pharmaceutical research and development, pharmacological mechanism exploration, high purity MOPS can ensure that the experimental results are accurate and free from impurity interference.
98% purity specifications are also common, suitable for most general biochemical experiments and industrial production. General biochemical experiments such as cell culture, nucleic acid electrophoresis, and the preparation of certain biological products in industrial production, this purity can not only meet the needs of experiment and production, but also take into account cost-effectiveness.
95% purity specification has its place in industrial scenarios with lower requirements, such as some industrial buffer preparation. Although the purity is slightly lower, it can be used in such scenarios with slightly higher tolerance to impurities to reduce production costs and improve economic benefits.
Different purity specifications MOPS are selected according to actual needs. High purity is used for precise scientific research, and lower purity is used for industrial production with lower requirements, so as to achieve rational utilization of resources and maximize benefits.