What are the main uses of 3- (4-Morpholino) Propane Sulfonic Acid?
3- (4-morpholinyl) propanesulfonic acid, often referred to as MOPS in English, has a wide range of uses in the field of biochemical and molecular biology experiments.
First, it plays a significant role in the construction of buffer systems. Many biochemical reactions in organisms are extremely sensitive to pH value, and small changes may affect the reaction process and protein activity. MOPS has good buffering ability, which can maintain the stability of solution pH in a specific pH range. For example, in RNA-related experiments, RNA is easily degraded by environmental pH, and MOPS buffer stabilizes pH at 7.0-8.0, providing a stable environment for RNA to ensure its structural and functional integrity.
Second, it is indispensable for protein research. Protein isolation, purification and activity analysis all need to be suitable for pH environment. MOPS buffer creates a stable environment to prevent protein denaturation and aggregation. In electrophoresis experiments, the MOPS buffer system ensures that proteins are effectively separated according to charge and size, which helps to analyze protein purity and molecular weight.
Third, the field of cell culture also plays an important role. Cell growth requires strict environmental requirements, and pH is a key factor. MOPS buffer regulates the pH of cell culture medium, providing a stable living environment for cells, promoting cell growth and proliferation, and maintaining normal physiological functions of cells.
Fourth, it plays a key role in enzymatic reactions. The activity of enzymes depends on specific pH conditions, and MOPS buffer provides a suitable pH to maintain high enzyme activity. In some enzymatic reactions that require specific pH initiation and maintenance, MOPS ensures the smooth progress of the reaction, providing a guarantee for the study of enzyme kinetics and metabolic pathways.
In which fields is 3- (4-Morpholino) Propane Sulfonic Acid widely used?
3 - (4 - morpholinyl) propanesulfonic acid, often referred to as MOPS, is widely used in many fields such as biochemistry and molecular biology.
In biological buffer systems, MOPS plays a key role. Because it has a moderate pKa value of about 7.2, it can effectively maintain the stability of the pH of the system near the physiological pH. In cell culture, cell growth is extremely sensitive to pH. MOPS can create a suitable pH environment to ensure normal cell growth and metabolism. For example, in animal cell culture, small changes in pH may affect cell activity and function. MOPS buffer can ensure pH stability within a suitable range.
In molecular biology experiments, such as nucleic acid electrophoresis, protein analysis, etc., MOPS is also quite commonly used. During nucleic acid electrophoresis, the appropriate pH environment has a significant impact on the migration and separation of nucleic acids. The MOPS buffer system can provide a stable pH, allowing nucleic acids to achieve good separation according to their own size and charge characteristics, which is convenient for subsequent analysis and detection.
In the field of enzymatic reaction research, the activities of many enzymes are greatly affected by pH, and MOPS buffer can regulate the pH of the reaction system, so that the enzymes are in the best active state. For example, some key enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway have the highest activity at a specific pH, and MOPS can create and maintain this pH, which can help study the mechanism and kinetic properties of enzymatic reactions.
In addition, in the early stage of drug development in vitro experiments, MOPS is used to simulate the physiological environment, evaluate drug stability, solubility, and interactions with biomacromolecules, providing key data support for drug development.
What are the Physical and Chemical Properties of 3- (4-Morpholino) Propane Sulfonic Acid
3 - (4 - morpholinyl) propanesulfonic acid, its physical and chemical properties are as follows:
This substance is mostly white crystalline powder in appearance, stable in properties, easy to store and use. In terms of solubility, it is easily soluble in water to form a clear and transparent solution. Because its molecular structure contains sulfonic acid groups, it is acidic, and can ionize hydrogen ions in aqueous solution, making the solution acidic.
The melting point of this substance is quite fixed, and through accurate measurement, it is a specific numerical range. This property is of great significance for its purity identification. And it has good thermal stability. It will not decompose rapidly or undergo chemical changes due to heating within a certain temperature range, ensuring that it can function normally in many experimental or production scenarios that require heating.
In addition, it plays a significant role in the field of organic synthesis. It is often used as a buffer to regulate the pH of the reaction system, maintain the stability of the reaction environment, ensure the smooth progress of the reaction in the expected direction, and improve the reaction efficiency and product purity. In biochemical research, because it has little impact on bioactive substances and can effectively simulate the acid-base environment in organisms, it is widely used in buffer system configuration, laying a good environmental foundation for biomacromolecular research, cell culture and other experiments.
What is the Synthesis Method of 3- (4-Morpholino) Propane Sulfonic Acid
3 - (4 - Morpholino) Propane Sulfonic Acid is 3- (4 - morpholino) propanesulfonic acid, often abbreviated as MOPS, which is a biological buffer. The synthesis method is as follows:
The starting materials are morpholine and 1,3 - propane sulfonate lactone. Both are easy to obtain and relatively stable in nature. Dissolve an appropriate amount of morpholine in an organic solvent, such as anhydrous acetonitrile, stir well to create a mild reaction environment. The boiling point of acetonitrile is moderate and the solubility is good, which can make the morpholine evenly disperse.
Slowly add 1,3 - propane sulfonate lactone to the acetonitrile solution of morpholine under stirring. The dripping speed needs to be strictly controlled to prevent the reaction from being too violent. 1,3-propanesulfonolactone has high activity and can undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with morpholine.
After the dropwise addition is completed, the temperature of the reaction system is maintained in a certain range, usually at 40-60 ° C, and the stirring is continued for several hours. Moderate heating can accelerate the reaction and ensure that the reaction is sufficient. During the reaction, the reaction process can be closely monitored. The raw material consumption and product formation can be observed by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC).
When the reaction is over, reduce the temperature of the reaction system to room temperature. Subsequently, the acetonitrile solvent is removed by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a crude product.
The crude product is purified by column chromatography or recrystallization. Column chromatography can separate impurities according to the polarity difference of the compound; recrystallization selects a suitable solvent, such as ethanol-water mixed solvent, and uses the solubility difference to purify the product, and finally obtains high-purity 3- (4-morpholinyl) propanesulfonic acid.
What is the market price of 3- (4-Morpholino) Propane Sulfonic Acid?
The price of 3- (4 -morpholinyl) propanesulfonic acid in today's market is difficult to determine. Due to different businesses, different quality products, and different purchase quantities, its price fluctuates.
Looking at the market conditions of the past, if you buy it from ordinary chemical shops and retail it in small quantities, the price per gram may be between a few yuan and tens of yuan. The cover can affect its price due to its preparation process, raw material cost, and degree of purification.
If the quantity is large and you ask directly from the manufacturer, the price may be slightly reduced. When wholesale, if the batch reaches more than kilograms, the price per kilogram may be in the range of hundreds of yuan. However, this is not a definite number. Due to market supply and demand, seasonal changes, the price is also variable.
In different places, the price varies due to the difference in transportation costs and taxes. In prosperous cities, prices may be high; in remote places, or due to logistics inconvenience, prices may vary.
In addition, those with excellent quality and high purity must be more expensive than those with ordinary quality. In order to know its exact market value, it is necessary to consult various suppliers in detail, compare the quotations of various parties, and consider comprehensively before obtaining a rough estimate.