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3- (Cyclohexylamino) What are the main applications of -2-Hydroxyl-Propanesulfonic Acid?
3- (cyclohexylamino) -2-hydroxy-propanesulfonic acid, often abbreviated as CHAPS, is mostly used in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology.
In protein research, its role is particularly critical. Proteins perform many important functions in living organisms, but it is not easy to extract and maintain their activity from biological tissues. As a zwitterionic descaling agent, CHAPS can gently dissolve cell membranes, allowing membrane proteins to be released, and can maintain the natural structure and function of proteins without inactivation due to the extraction process, enabling researchers to conduct in-depth investigations into membrane proteins, such as analyzing the relationship between their structure and function.
In the study of enzyme activity, CHAPS also has extraordinary performance. Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in organisms, and their activities are easily affected by environmental factors. CHAPS can optimize the reaction environment, stabilize the structure of enzyme proteins, improve the accuracy of enzyme activity determination, and help researchers clarify the mechanism of enzyme action and kinetic characteristics.
In immunochemical experiments, CHAPS is also indispensable. The accuracy and sensitivity of immune reactions are crucial to the success or failure of experiments. CHAPS can reduce non-specific binding, reduce background interference, make antigen-antibody reactions more specific and sensitive, and improve the reliability of immune detection. Whether it is immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation inhibition or immunofluorescence experiments, CHAPS can add to the experimental results.
In molecular biology experiments, CHAPS is used for nucleic acid extraction and purification steps. It can break down cell structures, release nucleic acids, and remove impurities such as proteins to obtain pure nucleic acid samples, providing a solid foundation for subsequent PCR, sequencing, and other experiments to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment.
What are the physicochemical properties of 3- (Cyclohexylamino) -2-Hydroxyl-Propanesulfonic Acid?
3- (cyclohexylamino) -2 -hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, often referred to as "CAPSO", is a zwitterionic buffer, which is of great significance in biochemical and molecular biology experiments. Its physical and chemical properties are as follows:
- ** Properties **: Under normal conditions, it is a white crystalline powder with pure quality and few impurities, high stability, and easy to store and use.
- ** Solubility **: Easily soluble in water, it can quickly form a uniform solution, which provides convenience for experimental operation. However, it has low solubility in common organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone, which makes it stable in the aqueous phase system and is not disturbed by the organic phase.
- ** Melting point **: about 140 - 144 ℃, the phase transition will occur at a specific temperature. When the experiment requires strict temperature control, the melting point property is important.
- ** pKa value **: about 9.6, in the pH 9.0 - 10.2 buffer range can effectively maintain the pH stability of the system, providing a suitable microenvironment for alkaline enzymes, proteins and other biomolecules to ensure their normal structure and function.
- ** Chemical stability **: The molecular structure contains sulfonic acid groups, hydroxyl groups and amino groups, and the chemical properties are stable. It is not easy to react with common chemical reagents at room temperature and pressure, and can coexist in a variety of chemical systems. However, under extreme conditions such as strong acid, strong base or high temperature, the structure may change and the buffering performance may be affected.
3- (Cyclohexylamino) What should I pay attention to when storing and shipping -2-Hydroxyl-Propanesulfonic Acid?
3- (cyclohexylamino) -2-hydroxy-propanesulfonic acid, its chemical properties are relatively stable, but there are many points to be paid attention to during storage and transportation.
When storing, the first environment is dry. Because of its certain water absorption, if the environment is humid, it is easy to cause deliquescence and affect the quality. Therefore, it should be stored in a dry and well-ventilated warehouse, away from water sources and moisture accumulation.
Temperature is also a key factor. Avoid hot topics. This substance should be stored at too high a temperature or undergo chemical reactions such as decomposition, which will damage its chemical properties. Generally speaking, the storage temperature should be maintained at room temperature (about 15-35 ° C), and it should not be exposed to direct sunlight to prevent adverse changes caused by light heating.
Furthermore, the storage place should be kept away from fire sources and strong oxidants. Although this substance is not flammable and explosive, it may come into contact with strong oxidants or react violently, causing danger. And it should be placed separately from other chemicals, especially acids and alkalis, to prevent interaction and change its chemical composition.
When transporting, the packaging must be tight. Appropriate packaging materials should be selected to ensure that it is not damaged or leaked during bumps and vibrations. The transportation vehicle should also be kept clean and dry to avoid mixing impurities. At the same time, the transportation process should be strictly controlled to prevent temperature drastic changes.
The escort personnel also need to be familiar with its characteristics and emergency treatment methods. If there is an accident such as leakage on the way, they can respond quickly and properly to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment from pollution.
What are the methods for preparing 3- (Cyclohexylamino) -2-Hydroxyl-Propanesulfonic Acid?
There are several common methods for preparing 3- (cyclohexylamino) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (referred to as CHAPS).
First, epichlorohydrin and cyclohexylamine are used as starting materials. First, epichlorohydrin is slowly dropped into a reaction vessel containing cyclohexylamine, and the nucleophilic substitution reaction is carried out at a specific temperature. This process must be closely monitored for temperature and reaction time. Due to high temperature or too long time, side reactions are prone to occur, resulting in poor product purity. After the reaction is completed, the crude product can be obtained through neutralization, purification and other steps. Then recrystallization with an appropriate solvent is used to improve the purity of the product.
Second, sodium 2,3-epoxy propane sulfonate can also be used to react with cyclohexylamine. Under suitable reaction conditions, sodium 2,3-epoxy propane sulfonate is mixed with cyclohexylamine, and the two undergo ring-opening addition reaction. The pH of the reaction environment, temperature and other factors have a great influence on the reaction process and product yield. After the reaction is completed, it is treated with ion exchange resin to remove impurity ions, and then concentrated and crystallized to obtain the finished CHAPS product.
Furthermore, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate and cyclohexylamine can also be used as raw materials. The two can be substituted in an organic solvent. During the reaction, an appropriate amount of acid binding agent needs to be added to promote the forward progress of the reaction. After the reaction, through a series of post-processing processes such as extraction, drying, distillation, etc., the final product is obtained. Each preparation method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In actual operation, it should be carefully selected according to specific needs and conditions to achieve the best preparation effect.
What are the advantages of 3- (Cyclohexylamino) -2-Hydroxyl-Propanesulfonic Acid over other similar compounds?
3 - (cyclohexylamino) -2 -hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (CHAPS), compared with other similar compounds, has significant advantages.
This compound has excellent amphiphilic properties. Its molecular structure contains both hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups and lipophilic cyclohexyl groups, so that it can show excellent surface activity in aqueous solution. In the field of protein research, it is like a "gentle messenger", which can effectively dissolve membrane proteins while maintaining the natural structure and biological activity of proteins to the greatest extent. Compared with some strong ionic detergents, it will not cause excessive damage to the protein structure, ensuring that the protein can maintain its original function, which is a crucial property in experiments that require strict protein activity.
In the biochemical analysis scene, CHAPS has good solubility and can be dispersed quickly and uniformly in the solution, which provides a strong guarantee for the accuracy and reproducibility of the experiment. Whether it is a complex enzyme activity determination or a fine immunoassay, it can avoid errors caused by uneven dissolution with good solubility. In addition, it is chemically stable, and its structure and properties are not easy to change in a wide pH range and temperature range. This makes the choice of experimental conditions more flexible, without being overly limited by the stability of compounds. It shows unique advantages in many studies and applications that require diverse environmental conditions.