3-(Morpholin-4-Yl)Propane-1-Sulfonic Acid

3- (morpholine-4-yl) propane-1-sulfonic acid, often referred to as MOPS, is a commonly used zwitterion buffer in biochemical research. Its main uses are roughly as follows:
First, in biochemistry and molecular biology experiments, it is mostly used to maintain a stable pH environment. Many biochemical reactions are extremely sensitive to pH value, and slight changes in pH value may affect the reaction rate and the structure and function of biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. MOPS has a suitable buffer range, usually between pH 6.5 and 7.9, which can effectively resist the pH change caused by the addition of a small amount of acid or base, thus providing a stable acid-base environment for enzymatic reactions, protein purification, nucleic acid electrophoresis and other experiments. For example, in RNA electrophoresis experiments, MOPS buffer can ensure that RNA maintains a stable structure and avoids degradation or denaturation due to pH fluctuations, making the experimental results more accurate and reliable.
Second, it also plays an indispensable role in the field of cell culture. When cells are cultured in vitro, the pH value of the growth environment is strictly required. MOPS can be used as a buffer component of cell culture medium to maintain the pH value of the medium stable, create a suitable growth environment for cells, and ensure the normal metabolism and proliferation of cells. For example, some adherent cell lines that are sensitive to pH changes can better adhere to the wall in the medium containing MOPS, reducing cell damage and apoptosis caused by pH fluctuations.
Third, MOPS also plays an important role in protein crystallization research. The protein crystallization process requires extremely high physical and chemical conditions of the solution, and pH is one of the key factors. MOPS can adjust the pH value of the crystallization solution and maintain its stability. It helps to arrange protein molecules in an orderly manner and promote crystallization formation, which in turn helps to analyze the three-dimensional structure of proteins, providing key structural information for drug development, enzyme engineering and other fields.

3- (morpholine-4-yl) propane-1-sulfonic acid, this substance is mostly in the state of white crystalline powder at room temperature. Its solubility is quite unique, it can be easily dissolved in water to form a uniform solution, just like salt fused into water, it exists without its form. However, in common organic solvents, such as ethanol and ether, it is difficult to dissolve, just like oil is difficult to dissolve in water, and the boundaries are clear.
When it comes to stability, this substance can be stable under normal conditions, just like a stone of rest, not moved by the breeze. In case of strong acid and alkali, its stability will be like thin ice in case of fire, rapid disintegration, chemical reaction occurs, resulting in its own structure and properties are changed.
Besides its pH, the aqueous solution of this substance is acidic, and its acidity is as strong as suitable vinegar. It is neither strong acid nor weak acid. It can be used to adjust the pH of the solution, such as craftsmen fine-tuning utensils to achieve the appropriate degree. In biochemical experiments and other fields, it is often used as a buffer to stabilize the acid and alkali of the solution and protect the stability of the reaction, such as the mainstay and the safety of the system.

3- (morpholine-4-yl) propane-1-sulfonic acid, often referred to as MOPS, is widely used in many fields such as biochemistry and molecular biology.
In biological buffer systems, its application is crucial. All kinds of biochemical reactions in organisms are extremely sensitive to pH value, and MOPS has good buffering ability, which can maintain the pH stability of solutions in a specific pH range. For example, in enzymatic reactions, the activity of enzymes is closely related to the pH of the reaction environment. MOPS can create a suitable pH environment, so that enzymes can fully demonstrate their activity and ensure the smooth progress of the reaction. Many cell culture experiments are also inseparable from MOPS. Cell growth requires strict pH in the environment. MOPS can maintain the pH stability of the cell culture medium and provide suitable conditions for cell growth.
In the field of molecular biology experiments, MOPS is also indispensable. Like nucleic acid electrophoresis experiments, a specific pH buffer system is required to ensure the normal migration and separation of nucleic acid molecules. MOPS buffer can provide a stable pH environment, allowing nucleic acids to be effectively separated in the gel medium according to their size and charge characteristics, which is convenient for subsequent analysis and detection. In addition, in RNA-related experiments, because RNA is easily degraded by RNase, MOPS is often used to prepare related buffers to ensure the integrity and stability of RNA because it has a certain protective effect on RNA.
In the field of microbiology research, MOPS is also useful. Microbial growth and reproduction have specific requirements on environmental pH. MOPS can be applied to the preparation of microbial culture media, adjust the pH of the medium, meet the growth needs of different microorganisms, and help researchers cultivate and study microorganisms.

3- (Morpholine-4-yl) propane-1-sulfonic acid, this material is stable. It is a white crystalline powder that can last for a long time under conventional conditions.
Looking at its chemical structure, it has a sulfonic acid group and a morpholine group. The sulfonic acid group has strong hydrophilicity, making the substance easily soluble in water, which makes it stable in aqueous systems. Morpholine groups increase its structural stability and chemical inertness.
In terms of thermal stability, under normal heating environment, its structure does not change significantly. Only when the temperature reaches a high degree and approaches its decomposition temperature will there be signs of decomposition.
In common chemical reagents, the substance can remain stable as long as it is not strongly oxidizing or strongly acidic or strongly alkaline reagents. In mild acid-base environments, the structure does not change significantly, because the sulfonic acid group and the morpholine group can cooperate to resist some chemical reactions.
When stored, if sealed in a cool and dry place, it can be kept stable for a long time. Even under general humidity and temperature fluctuations, it can maintain physical properties unchanged.
However, it should be noted that although this substance is stable under most conventional circumstances, it may still react and change physical properties in case of special chemical environments or extreme conditions. Overall, in general experiments and application scenarios, the physical properties of 3- (morpholine-4-yl) propane-1-sulfonic acid are rather stable.

The preparation of 3- (Morpholine-4-yl) propane-1-sulfonic acid (3- (Morpholine-4-Yl) Propane-1-Sulfonic Acid) can be done according to the following ancient methods:
The first morpholine is taken as the raw material. Because of its cyclic tertiary amine structure and active chemical properties, it can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Place an appropriate amount of morpholine in a clean reactor and add an alcohol solvent, such as ethanol or isopropanol, in a certain proportion. The alcohol solvent not only helps to dissolve, but also stabilizes the reaction environment.
Take 1,3-propane sulfonate lactone, which is the key reactant, and slowly add it to the reaction system containing morpholine. The process needs to be strictly controlled at temperature, often maintained at 20-30 ° C. Due to the high reactivity of 1,3-propanesulfonolactone, high temperature can easily cause side reactions to occur and form impurities. When adding, it should be added dropwise at a uniform speed, and stirred while adding to promote full contact between the two to accelerate the reaction. During the
reaction, closely monitor the reaction process. The components of the reaction solution are often analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The reaction can be stopped when the morpholine and 1,3-propanesulfonolactone are completely reacted and there is no more raw material residue in the system.
After the reaction is stopped, the reaction solution is treated. Distillation under reduced pressure first, remove the solvent, and obtain a crude product. The crude product contains unreacted impurities and by-products and needs to be further purified. Using column chromatography, silica gel is used as the stationary phase, and suitable eluents, such as dichloromethane and methanol mixed solution, are eluted in a certain proportion layer. Collect the eluent containing the target product, and then concentrate it under reduced pressure to obtain pure 3- (morpholine-4-yl) propane-1-sulfonic acid.
Or 1,3-propanesulfonolactone can be reacted with a base, such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, in water to form the corresponding sulfonate intermediate. Morpholine is then added to this system and heated to 40-50 ° C. This method can reduce side reactions and improve product purity. After the reaction, the treatment method is similar to the previous method, and the target product can also be obtained through steps such as reduced pressure distillation and column chromatography purification.