3-(N-Morpholino)-2-Hydroxypropanesulfonic Acid

3- (N-morpholino) -2 -hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, often referred to as MOPS, is a very important buffer in biochemical research. It has a wide range of main uses and plays a key role in many fields.
In biochemistry and molecular biology experiments, MOPS is an indispensable existence. Because many biochemical reactions in organisms are extremely sensitive to pH value, a slight deviation can affect the reaction process or enzyme activity. MOPS can effectively maintain the pH value of the reaction system within a specific range due to its excellent buffering ability. For example, in RNA electrophoresis experiments, the pH environment needs to be precisely controlled to ensure the stability of RNA and the electrophoresis effect. MOPS buffer is very useful here to create an environment suitable for RNA separation and analysis.
The field of cell culture is also an important place for MOPS. Cell growth requires strict pH values in the environment, and MOPS can help maintain the pH stability of the culture medium and create excellent conditions for cell growth. Like mammalian cell culture, the pH value of the culture medium usually needs to be maintained at 7.2-7.4. MOPS can effectively achieve and maintain this pH range to ensure normal cell growth, metabolism and function.
In addition, in protein crystallization experiments, appropriate pH conditions are crucial to the success of protein crystallization. MOPS can be used to adjust the pH value of the crystallization solution, promoting the protein to be arranged in an orderly manner to form crystals, which is convenient for researchers to analyze the protein structure with the help of X-ray crystallography, laying the foundation for in-depth exploration of protein function and mechanism of action.
In addition, MOPS is also commonly used in enzyme activity studies. Different enzymes have the best activity at a specific pH value, and MOPS buffer can create a suitable pH environment on demand, so as to accurately study the activity changes of enzymes under different conditions and reveal the mechanism of enzyme action and kinetic characteristics.

3- (N -morpholine) -2 -hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, this is a very important organic compound. Its physical and chemical properties are unique, and it has important uses in many fields.
In terms of its chemical properties, the substance contains morpholine ring and hydroxyl group, sulfonic acid group. The morpholine ring has a certain basic nature, because there are lone pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which can bind protons. The hydroxyl group is an active functional group and can participate in many chemical reactions, such as esterification reaction, which can react with carboxylic acid under appropriate conditions to form ester compounds; it can also undergo oxidation reaction, and the hydroxyl group can be oxidized to aldehyde group, carboxyl group, etc. The sulfonic acid group is highly acidic and can ionize hydrogen ions in water, making the compound acidic and can neutralize with bases to form corresponding salts.
In addition, 3- (N-morpholino) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid has good water solubility, which is due to the polar groups it contains. Both hydroxyl and sulfonic acid groups easily form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, so that it can be well dispersed in water. At the same time, due to the interaction of various groups in the molecular structure, it is endowed with certain chemical stability. Under normal conditions, it can exist stably and is not easy to spontaneously decompose and other reactions. Because of its multiple characteristics, it is often used as a buffer and intermediate in the fields of biochemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, etc., and plays a key role.

3 - (N - morpholinic) -2 -hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, its purity requirements usually depend on the specific use. Although this material is not contained in ancient books such as Tiangong Kaiwu, today's chemical and pharmaceutical industries have strict requirements for its purity.
If used in high-end experiments such as biochemical analysis and cell culture, the purity often needs to reach more than 99%. This is due to impurities or interference with the experimental results, resulting in data bias and misleading conclusions. For example, during cell culture, impurities may affect cell growth and metabolism, resulting in inaccurate experiments.
And for ordinary industrial production, such as the preparation of some chemical products, the purity requirements may be reduced to about 95%. Due to the large scale of industrial production, it is cost-sensitive, slightly lower purity can reduce costs, and the production process has relatively high tolerance to impurities.
If used in the R & D exploration stage, the purity requirements may be slightly wider, 90% - 95% can also meet the preliminary research, helping researchers quickly understand its basic properties and reaction laws, and then optimize the purity according to demand. In short, the purity requirements of 3 - (N - morpholino) -2 - hydroxypropanesulfonic acid vary depending on the application scenario, from 90% to more than 99% are possible.

3- (N-morpholinic) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, that is, MOPS, when storing, many matters need to be paid attention to.
First temperature, this agent should be stored in a cool place, usually 2-8 ° C. Due to high temperature, or its chemical properties change, the activity is reduced. If the temperature is too low, it may freeze and affect its quality.
The second is humidity, which should be avoided in a humid environment and stored in a dry place. Moisture can easily lead to deliquescence, resulting in impaired purity and affecting the experimental effect.
Furthermore, the packaging must be well sealed. Due to its certain chemical activity, excessive contact with air, or reaction with oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc., the properties are changed. After opening, if it is not used up, it needs to be strictly sealed to prevent deterioration.
In addition, the storage place should be kept away from oxidants, acids, bases and other chemicals. MOPS has a special chemical structure, coexisting with the above substances, or reacting chemically, resulting in failure.
In addition, it needs to be clearly marked, indicating the name, specifications, production date and shelf life. Easy to use, and the old agent can be used first according to the date, so as to avoid expiration and waste. Follow these precautions to ensure that the quality of 3- (N-morpholino) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid is stable during storage and the experiment is reliable.

The synthesis method of 3- (N -morpholine) -2 -hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, although the classic "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not describe the synthesis of such fine chemicals in detail, it can be deduced according to the ancient technical ideas and chemical principles.
First, morpholine can be reacted with suitable hydroxyl and sulfonic acid precursors. Choose epoxy chloropropane, because it has active epoxy groups, it can undergo nucleophilic ring-opening reaction with morpholine. Slowly drop morpholine into the reaction system containing epoxy chloropropane, control the temperature in a moderate range, such as 40-60 ° C, and remove the hydrogen chloride generated by the reaction with an acid binding agent (such as triethylamine) to promote the positive progress of the reaction.
Then, the sulfonic acid group is introduced. The above reaction product can be reacted with sodium bisulfite, and under the condition of heating and refluxing, the sulfonic acid can replace the leaving group of the halogen atom or hydroxyl group in the appropriate position to obtain the target product 3- (N-morpholino) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid. After the reaction is completed, the pure product can be obtained by extraction, recrystallization and other purification methods.
Second, or the epoxy containing sulfonic acid group can be prepared first, and then reacted with morpholine. Using 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropanesulfonic acid as the starting material, it interacts with a base to form an epoxy intermediate, and then reacts with morpholine under mild conditions. By adjusting the reaction conditions and the ratio of reactants, the synthesis path is optimized to improve the yield and purity of the product.