What is the chemical structure of 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid?
4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1 -piperazine ethanesulfonic acid, or HEPES, has the following chemical structure:
This compound contains a piperazine ring structure, which is connected to a 2-ethanesulfonate group at position 1 of the piperazine ring and a 2-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. Structurally, the piperazine ring, as a core skeleton, has certain rigidity and stability. Two nitrogen atoms enable the piperazine ring to participate in a variety of chemical interactions, such as binding to protons, thus exhibiting buffering capabilities. The existence of 2-ethyl sulfonate group endows the molecule with good water solubility. Sulfonic acid group (-SO-H) is a strong acidic group, which can partially ionize hydrogen ions in water, and its conjugated base has a certain stability, which plays a key role in regulating the pH of the solution. 2-hydroxyethyl group introduces hydrophilic hydroxyl group (-OH) to the molecule, which not only enhances the water solubility of the molecule, but also interacts with surrounding water molecules or other polar molecules through hydrogen bonds, further affecting the behavior and properties of the molecule in solution.
This structural property makes 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1 -piperazine ethanesulfonic acid a commonly used buffer in biochemistry and molecular biology experiments, capable of maintaining a relatively stable pH in a wide pH range, providing a suitable acid-base environment for biomacromolecule activity research, cell culture and other experiments.
Which experimental systems are commonly used for 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinethanesulfonic acid?
4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) is commonly used in a variety of biological experimental systems such as cell culture, protein crystallization, enzymatic reactions, etc. The following is your explanation:
Cell culture is the cornerstone of biomedical research, and HEPES is crucial in this field. Cells are extremely sensitive to the culture environment, and even small changes in pH can affect their growth, metabolism, and function. HEPES has a strong buffering ability, which can stabilize the pH value of the cell culture environment within a suitable range, usually 7.2-7.4, just like building a strong "acid-base barrier" for cells, ensuring that cells can proliferate and differentiate normally as if they were in a "comfortable home", greatly improving the success rate and stability of cell culture, and laying a solid foundation for subsequent various cell-related studies.
Protein crystallization experiments are dedicated to analyzing the three-dimensional structure of proteins, which is the key to understanding the function and mechanism of protein action. During the experiment, factors such as the pH value of the solution and the ionic strength have a profound impact on the formation of protein crystallization. HEPES can precisely regulate the pH value of the solution, and has good biocompatibility with proteins. It does not interfere with the structure and activity of proteins. It is like a "gentle guardian", which helps proteins to arrange in an orderly manner in a suitable environment, and then form high-quality crystals. It is possible to analyze the structure of proteins through X-ray crystallography and other technologies.
Enzymes are efficient catalysts for various chemical reactions in organisms, and their activity requires strict reaction conditions. In an experimental system that simulates enzymatic reactions in vivo, HEPES can create pH conditions similar to the physiological environment, so that the enzyme can maintain the best active conformation and give full play to catalytic efficiency. For example, many enzymes involved in metabolic pathways can efficiently catalyze the conversion of substrates in the HEPES buffer system, providing a reliable environment for studying the kinetics and mechanism of action of enzymes and screening for inhibitors or activators of enzymes.
In summary, 4 - (2-hydroxyethyl) -1 - piperazine ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) has become an indispensable key reagent in many biological experimental systems due to its unique buffering properties and biocompatibility, just like a "right-hand man" in the journey of biological research, promoting life science research to a new height.
What is the pH buffer range of 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid?
To know the pH buffer range of 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid buffer, it is necessary to know the characteristics of this buffer. 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid, often referred to as HEPES, is a commonly used buffer in biochemical and molecular biology experiments.
HEPES has many advantages. Its chemical properties are stable, it is less affected by changes in temperature and concentration, and it has little interference with chemical reactions in vivo.
Its pH buffer range is about 6.8 to 8.2. This range allows it to effectively maintain the pH stability of the system in a variety of biological experiments. For example, in cell culture experiments, most mammalian cells are suitable for growing at pH 7.2-7.4, and HEPES buffer can ensure that the pH value of the culture medium is stable in this range, creating good conditions for cell growth. For some enzymatic reactions, the specific pH value is the best state of enzyme activity, and HEPES buffer can control the pH value of the system within a suitable range according to the needs of the reaction to ensure the smooth progress of enzymatic reactions.
Therefore, the pH buffer range of 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid buffer is about 6.8-8.2, which is widely used in the field of biological experiments due to its characteristics.
What are the precautions for 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid during storage?
In the process of storing 4- (2-methoxy) -1-naphthalene acetyl acid, there are many things to pay attention to. This compound has special properties and is sensitive to environmental conditions.
Control of the first degree. It is suitable to be stored at a low and low temperature. Generally speaking, it is better to be at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is high, it is easy to cause the reaction, causing it to change and reduce the activity. If the temperature is high, or the molecular parts can be affected, the original equilibrium will be broken, so that the effect will be weak, or even ineffective.
Secondly, the temperature should not be ignored. Maintain the dry environment, because it is susceptible to moisture. The temperature in the air is too high, and the crystal lattice of water molecules or compounds can lead to hydrolysis reaction. Once hydrolyzed, the molecule is cracked, and the chemical properties are changed. Therefore, there are good moisture-proof measures in place, such as placing it in a drying device, or adding a dry layer.
Furthermore, light will also dry its properties. This compound is sensitive to light, and under light irradiation, it may react to actinic reactions. Light quantum acts on the molecule, causing the particles to break down, causing chemical cracking or rearrangement. Therefore, when stored in the dark, brown bottles or opaque containers can be used to reduce light and shadow.
In addition, it is necessary to avoid contact with other chemical substances. Due to its chemical activity, or the reaction of certain substances. Such as oxidation and original destruction, it may destroy its molecules. Therefore, it needs to be stored well, and the storage area should be kept clean to prevent the mixing of oil.
Therefore, the storage of 4- (2-methoxy) -1-naphthalene acetyl acid requires the control of the degree, temperature, light and the avoidance of contact with other substances in order to maintain its chemical properties and maintain good efficacy.
How is the solubility of 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid?
What is the solubility of 4 - (2 - hydroxyethyl) - 1 - piperazine ethanesulfonic acid? This is a question about the chemical properties, and let me explain it in the words of the ancients.
Fu 4 - (2 - hydroxyethyl) - 1 - piperazine ethanesulfonic acid, often used as a biochemical experimental buffer. Its solubility is related to the success or failure of many experiments. This substance has good solubility in water. Because of its molecular structure, it contains hydrophilic groups, such as hydroxyethyl and sulfonic acid. These two interact with water molecules, and by the force of hydrogen bonds, the molecules are uniformly dispersed in water to form a stable solution. The practical application of
concept is in the construction of buffer systems for biochemical experiments. The good solubility of this substance ensures that it can be quickly and uniformly integrated into the reaction system, and the pH of the solution can be precisely regulated. Under suitable temperature and stirring conditions, its dissolution rate is particularly fast, and it can reach the required concentration in a short time. And the solution stability is quite good. In common experimental environments, it can be maintained for a long time without precipitation or deterioration.
However, it should be noted that although it has good solubility in water, in organic solvents, the solubility is quite different. In case of organic solvents with strong hydrophobicity, it is difficult to dissolve them because of the weak interaction between hydrophilic groups and organic solvents. This property also limits its application scenarios, and must be carefully considered when selecting solvents and reaction systems.
In short, 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid has good solubility in water, which makes it in the buffer field of biochemical experiments. It plays a crucial role, but the solubility of organic solvents depends on the specific solvent properties.