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What is the Chinese name of this compound?
This compound is "dansha". The dansha is mercury sulfide (HgS), and its color is vermilion, which is a traditional mineral pigment and traditional Chinese medicinal material.
In the "Tiangong Kaiwu", there are many records of dansha. The book says: "Where cinnabar and mercury are the last stream of dansha, and they and silver, they all get lead." This shows that dansha is closely related to mercury, lead and other substances. After dansha is smelted, mercury can be obtained. This process is quite common in ancient alchemy.
It goes on to say: "Where mercury is raised to vermilion again, it is called silver vermilion (also known as scarlet). The method is to use a mud jar or use an upper and lower kettle. For each catty of mercury, two catties of stone pavilion fat (that is, sulfur) are added. No stars can be seen in the same study. Hype the blue sand head and put it in a jar. The top is covered with an iron lamp, and an iron ruler is pressed on the lamp. The iron wire is bound, the salt mud is fixed, and the fire is calcined. When it is cold, take it out, and it will rise to Zhu. "This detailed description of the process of making silver vermilion (also a product of Dan sand) from mercury and sulfur shows that the ancients have a deep understanding of the characteristics and transformation of Dan sand.
Dan sand was widely used in ancient times. In addition to alchemy and medicinal use, it was also an important pigment. Its bright vermilion color often adds brilliant color to paintings, lacquerware, etc. And because of its medicinal value, the "Shennong Materia Medica" listed it as the top grade, saying that it "mainly hides five diseases in the body, nourishes the spirit, calms the soul, nourishes qi, brightens the eyes, and kills the spirit and charms evil ghosts". It shows that Dan Sha occupies an important position in many aspects of ancient life, medicine, craftsmanship and so on.
What are the characteristics of the chemical structure of this compound?
The chemical structure of this compound has the following characteristics:
First, its atoms are arranged in a strict and orderly manner. The atoms are arranged according to specific rules and spatial configurations, just like a delicate tenon-mortise structure, which fits each other to form a stable structure. Such an orderly arrangement has a profound impact on the physical and chemical properties of the compound. For example, in some compounds with crystal structures, atoms are arranged in a regular manner, giving them specific crystal forms and optical properties.
Second, there are rich and diverse chemical bond types. Or there are ionic bonds, and anions and cations are closely connected by electrostatic action, so that the compound has a high stability and melting point; or there are covalent bonds, and the atoms are combined with common electron pairs to form a strong connection, which determines the basic skeleton and reactivity of the compound. The combination and ratio of different bond types affect the solubility and conductivity of the compound.
Third, there are characteristics of functional groups. Functional groups are atomic groups with specific chemical properties in the compound, like the "active center" of the compound. Different functional groups endow compounds with different reaction tendencies, such as hydroxyl groups easily participate in esterification reactions, carboxyl groups are acidic, etc. The existence of specific functional groups enables compounds to participate in specific chemical reaction paths, thus exhibiting unique chemical behaviors.
Fourth, the spatial structure has a significant impact. The three-dimensional spatial morphology of molecules is crucial to their properties and functions. Either a planar structure or a three-dimensional configuration, the spatial steric resistance and intermolecular forces vary depending on it. For example, although some chiral molecules have the same chemical formula, their spatial structures are mirror images of each other, but they have completely different biological activities.
The chemical structure of this compound, with its atomic arrangement, chemical bond type, functional group and spatial structure, together create its unique chemical and physical properties and play an important role in many fields.
What are the main uses of this compound?
This compound is a rare wonder in the world. It has a wide range of uses, is related to many fields, and has far-reaching influence.
In the way of medicine, its effect is extraordinary. Or it can be used to concoct wonderful medicines to cure chronic diseases. It can accurately act on human body lesions, regulate qi and blood, and repair damage to the viscera. In case of typhoid fever, this compound can be used as medicine, or it can dispel cold evil, make qi and blood smooth, and help patients recover as soon as possible. And if it is faced with the pain of tuberculosis, it may nourish the lungs and kidneys, enhance the body, and improve the power to resist diseases and evil.
In the process of manufacturing, this compound is also indispensable. It can be used to refine utensils to make the material more tough and durable. When casting a sword, incorporating this compound can make the blade extremely sharp, cut iron like mud, and the sword body is strong, not easy to break. In ceramic firing, adding this substance can make the ceramic texture delicate, warm color, and more ornamental and practical value.
In agriculture, it is also beneficial. Rational use of it can improve the soil, make the land fertile, and facilitate the growth of crops. It can adjust the pH of the soil and create an excellent growth environment for crops. It can also be used as an auxiliary fertilizer to promote the development of the root system of crops and absorb more nutrients, so as to achieve abundant grain and ensure the food and clothing of people's livelihood.
In the pursuit of alchemy and cultivation of immortals, this compound also occupies an important position. The alchemists used it as raw material and hoped to refine an elixir that prolonged life and was extraordinary. Although the efficacy of the elixir was still inconclusive, it became an important material foundation in the process of pursuing the path of longevity, carrying the beautiful expectations of the ancients for eternal life.
This compound has shown its unique and important uses in many aspects such as medicine, craftsmanship, agriculture, and even cultivation and alchemy. It is a rare treasure in the world.
What are the physical and chemical properties of this compound?
This compound has all kinds of physical and chemical properties, which are special. Its nature is warm but not dry, just like the warm sun in spring, warm and smooth. Looking at its color, it is crystal clear, like the cold river ice and snow, pure and flawless, and like morning dew condensing on fairy grass, shining brightly.
Its taste is first smelled, fresh and elegant, like the clear air of wood leaves in the mountains and forests, leisurely entering the nose, refreshing the spleen. When you taste it, you feel a faint sweet fragrance, just like the fragrance of nectar between the stamens, subtle and long, with endless aftertaste.
As for its texture, it is smooth and delicate, and it touches like suet jade, warm and lustrous, without a sense of roughness. When placed in the palm of my hand, I feel a cool feeling penetrating the skin, but it is not the bone-piercing cold, but the coolness of well water, which is refreshing and pleasant.
In the midst of water and fire, this compound also shows its unique nature. In case of fire, it slowly dissolves, just like spring snow when it is warm, quietly melting away, but there is no pungent smoke or burnt odor, but a trace of elegant fragrance drifts away. In case of water, it slowly dissolves, just like a light cloud merging into the sky, leaving no trace, and making the water a little clearer, like a spring in a deep mountain, pure and sweet.
It also has wonders in chemical reactions. Encounters with various substances, or slow blends, or intense reactions, are all orderly according to their inherent nature. Or produce colorful light, like neon in the sky, brilliant and dazzling; or make a strange sound, just like the sound of fairy music, pleasant and pleasant to the ear. The physical and chemical properties of this compound are really wonderful creations of nature, treasures in the world, breathtaking.
What are the key steps in the preparation of this compound?
There are three key steps in the preparation of chemical compounds, which are called the preparation of raw materials, the control of reactions, and the analysis of products.
The preparation of raw materials is the foundation of chemical synthesis. Pure and suitable must be selected. If you want to make copper salts, the copper ore must be of high quality and contain less impurities in order to improve efficiency and quality. And the quantity is also critical. It is accurate according to the reaction formula. If you want to make copper salts, more will cost, and less will produce less than enough. If you make steel, the proportion of iron stone, coke, and flux is improper, and the steel quality will be affected.
The control of the reaction is the core of the synthesis. Temperature, pressure, and catalyst are all heavy. High temperature, the reaction rate increases, but it may be too high or cause side reactions to produce, and the product is not pure. If ammonia is synthesized, the temperature should be 400-500 ° C. At this temperature, the reaction rate and equilibrium should be taken into account. The same is true for pressure, which can promote the forward shift of the gas phase reaction. However, if it is too high, high-pressure equipment is required, which increases the cost. The catalyst can change the rate without affecting the equilibrium. If the appropriate one is selected, the activation energy can be reduced and the yield can be improved. Like the sulfuric acid industry, vanadium pentoxide is used to promote the oxidation of sulfur dioxide.
The separation of the product is necessary for purification and synthesis. After the reaction is completed, the product or mixed impurities need to be separated and purified. Filtration can remove solid and liquid mixed with solid, such as calcium carbonate, and filter to obtain crude products after precipitation. Distillation is used to divide liquids with different boiling points, and ethanol and water are mixed. Dis Extraction can transfer the solute from one solvent to another. Iodine is extracted from iodine water and extracted with carbon tetrachloride. Crystallization can be separated from solutes whose solubility varies with temperature. Potassium nitrate can be obtained by evaporation, concentration, and cooling.
These three, the preparation of raw materials is the beginning, the control of the reaction is the mainstay, and the analysis of the product is the final chapter, which is interconnected. It is related to the quality and quantity of the compound, and the combination of the preparation and the synthesis is invisible.