What is the chemical structure of this compound?
What is the chemical structure of this compound? Let me take the ancient classical Chinese text of "Tiangong Kaiwu" as your solution.
All kinds of compounds in the world are connected by atoms in a unique way to form their structures. Atoms, the basis of all things, their numbers and classes, and the order and method of association, the structure of co-determined compounds.
Or those connected by covalent bonds, the atoms share electron pairs, just like hand in hand to cooperate and build the basis of the structure. Its bonds are single or double or triple, single bonds, a pair of electrons are common; double bonds are two pairs; three bonds are three pairs. Such as ethylene, carbon-containing carbon double bonds, this double bond gives it unique chemical properties, more active than single bonds, and can participate in many reactions.
There are ionic compounds, which are arranged in the lattice by anions and cations according to certain rules according to the principle of charge attraction. Such as sodium chloride, sodium ions and chloride ions are listed in the phase, and the electrostatic attractive force maintains the stability of its structure.
Re-discussion of the spatial structure is also very different. There are straight lines, the atoms are arranged in a straight line; there are plane triangles, the three atoms are coplanar in a triangular shape; there are tetrahedral shapes, with atoms distributed at all corners of the tetrahedron.
Intermolecular forces also affect the structure and properties of compounds. Although hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds, they have a significant impact on their boiling point, solubility and other properties in many compounds, such as water. The chemical structure of
compounds is actually a delicate system intertwined by many factors such as the combination of atoms, the characteristics of bonds, the arrangement of space and the interaction between molecules. This system determines the thousands of characteristics and functions of compounds, which is crucial in the field of chemistry.
What are its physical properties?
The physical properties of many substances are recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu", and now it is for the king.
Gold, its yellow and bright color, soft and malleable, can be beaten into extremely thin sheets, can be stretched into thin filaments, and has a very high density. When placed in water, it sinks to the bottom. Its melting point is quite high, and it is not easy to melt in fire.
Silver, white as frost and snow, also has good ductility and flexibility, and its electrical and thermal conductivity is very good. Among all metals, it is second only to copper. Its density is also high, but it is slightly smaller than gold.
Copper, purple in color, has good electrical and thermal conductivity, and is often used to make wires, cooking utensils, etc. Its hardness is slightly higher than that of gold and silver, and it can be cast into various utensils. It also has certain corrosion resistance. If left in the air for a long time, the surface will be patina green.
Iron, gray-black in color, hard in texture and high in strength, is a commonly used metal material. However, it is easy to rust, and in humid air, it rusts especially quickly. The melting point of iron is also high, and high temperature is required for metallurgy.
Mercury, a liquid metal at room temperature, commonly known as mercury, is silver-white and shiny, has excellent fluidity and high density. Its vapor is toxic, and it needs to be used with caution.
Table salt, salty, white crystals, easily soluble in water, fine particles, and its aqueous solution has certain conductivity.
Sulfur, yellow in color, lumpy or powdery, brittle in quality, has a pungent smell when burned, flammable, and easily melts into a liquid state in fire.
Lime, white in color, has water absorption, generates heat and expands in volume when exposed to water, and can be used for construction, disinfection, etc.
The above are all the physical properties of some substances contained in "Tiangong Kaiwu", which shows that the ancient people's understanding of matter has been quite profound.
What is its main use?
"Tiangong Kaiwu" is a scientific and technological masterpiece written by Song Yingxing in the Ming Dynasty. Its main uses cover many fields and are of great significance in industrial and agricultural production.
In the field of agriculture, the book describes in detail the methods of planting, cultivating, breeding and management of various crops. When it comes to rice farming, from soaking seeds, raising seedlings to transplanting seedlings, and field management, it has detailed explanations, providing farmers with scientific and practical planting guidelines to help them improve crop yield and quality, and ensure the basic food supply for people's livelihood.
In the field of industry, there are also comprehensive and in-depth records of many handicraft production technologies. Taking the textile industry as an example, from sericulture, silk reeling to textile and dyeing, every step is explained in detail to promote the inheritance and development of textile technology, improve the quality and production efficiency of textile products, and promote the prosperity of the textile industry. In terms of ceramic production, from raw material selection, billet making, decoration to firing, the process essentials of each link are involved, laying a solid technical foundation for the development of the ceramic industry. In addition, for metal smelting, papermaking, salt making and other industries, there are also systematic and professional introductions to help practitioners improve production processes and improve production levels.
"Tiangong Kaiwu" is not only a book of technical records, but also a bridge for cultural inheritance and exchange. Its content helps future generations to understand the achievements of ancient China's industrial and agricultural development and inherit the wisdom and skills of ancestors. At the same time, in foreign exchanges, it provides precious materials for the world to understand ancient Chinese scientific and technological civilization, enhances cultural and technological exchanges between the East and the West, and leaves a strong mark in the history of human scientific and technological development.
What are the methods for preparing it?
There are many ways to make the utensils, because the required utensils are used for different purposes, and the method of making them also changes accordingly.
There are those who use gold and stone as materials. Choose fine gold and stone, and first use fire to calcine. If casting gold utensils, put the gold in a crucible, cook it over high heat, and wait for it to melt into molten gold, pour it into a pre-made model. The model is either made of clay or stone, according to the shape of the tool. After pouring liquid into the mold, wait for it to cool and form, and then go through the process of grinding and carving, or engraving with patterns, or trimming the corners, to make the tool exquisite. For stone-making tools, choose a stone with a strong texture, and use tools such as chisels and hammers to gradually carve it according to the shape of the concept, remove its excess, and form the desired tool.
There are also those who use bamboo and wood as materials. Take tough bamboo, first cut its length, and chop it into the desired pieces or strips. When weaving bamboo tools, arrange them by the method of latitude and longitude, interspersed with each other, weaving various texture patterns, and weaving them into bamboo baskets and bamboo mats. For wood-making tools, choose good wood, and first sawing them into boards or fangs. According to the pattern of the tools, cut and planed them with axes to make them initially contoured, and then cut holes and connect them with mortise and tenon. The method of mortise and tenon is exquisite and diverse, including dovetail tenons, dumpling tenons, etc., which make the wood firm and beautiful, and can be durable without iron nails.
If you use soil as a material, such as pottery. Take delicate clay, add water and knead it to make it smooth. Or plate building, with mud strips circling up, tired into a vessel shape; or pull billet, put the mud on the pottery wheel, and use the rotation of the wheel to shape the contour of the tool by hand. After molding, dry it, and then go into the kiln for firing. Kiln temperature control is very important. According to the type of pottery, adjust it to a suitable temperature, and the fired pottery will be either simple or exquisite.
As for the tanning utensils, choose animal skins, first soak in water to remove hair, and tan with nitrate and other materials to make the skins soft and tough. Then cut according to the design and sew with needle and thread to make leather bags, leather armor and other utensils.
Is it harmful to the environment and human health?
There are many opinions on the pros and cons of a strange foreign object, which is related to the environment and the human body.
The husband of this foreign object may benefit the environment. Watching the skills of the world, there are those who can turn waste into treasure and turn pollution into clean. If this foreign object can help the mountains and rivers to purify, make the water and soil clear forever, and the wind and clouds are always bright, it is very good for the environment. For example, in ancient times, the ability to work, using ingenious thinking to make tools, can lead to clear springs to irrigate dry fields, so that barren soil can give birth to good valleys, and the swamp is one side. This is the proof that it is beneficial to the environment.
As for the human body, it may also be beneficial. In the past, there were alchemy techniques, although many absurd, but there were also ways to strengthen the If this foreign body can remove diseases and diseases, prolong life, and make people healthy, wouldn't it be beautiful? And when I heard of ancient times, there were fairy herbs and divine medicines, food can be used to communicate with gods, and disasters can be controlled. Although it is a legend, it also shows the world's yearning for things that are beneficial to the human person.
However, everything has two sides, and this foreign body may also be harmful. In terms of the environment, if used carelessly, it may cause mountains and rivers to change color and disharmony between water and soil. In the past, the common work could not touch the surrounding mountains, the sky was folded, the earth was preserved, the sky tilted to the northwest, and the earth was submerged in the southeast. Although this is a myth, it can be seen that careless actions can cause disasters to heaven and earth. If this foreign body causes changes in mountains and rivers, ecological imbalance, and its harm is endless.
For the human body, there are also hidden dangers. Like the ancient alchemy, the refined things contain a lot of poison, and if you take it, you will not only fail to live forever, but will die. If this foreign object is used by evil people, or made into a poison hidden weapon, it will hurt people invisibly, and it will definitely be a disaster to the world.
Therefore, this foreign object depends on the environment and the human body, with advantages and disadvantages. If used properly, it will be a blessing; if used inappropriately, it will be a disaster. When you carefully examine it and weigh the advantages and disadvantages, you can obtain its good and avoid its evil.