Benzene-1,3-Disulphonic Acid

Benzene-1,3-disulphonic acid (Benzene-1,3-Disulphonic Acid), its chemical structure is based on the benzene ring. The benzene ring is a six-membered carbon ring with a unique conjugated π electronic system. It is in the shape of a plane regular hexagon, and each carbon is bonded with an sp ² hybrid orbital, and the carbon-carbon bond length is uniform, between single and double bonds.
At the 1st and 3rd positions of the benzene ring, the sulfonic acid group (-SO 🥰 H) is attached. In the sulfonic acid group, the sulfur atom is connected to the three oxygen atoms and the carbon of the benzene ring in the sp ² hybrid orbital. The first oxygen atom is connected with sulfur by a double bond, and the other two are connected with sulfur by a single bond, and the negatively charged oxygen atom is bonded with the hydrogen atom, which is acidic. This structure makes benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid have the general properties of sulfonic acid compounds, such as acidic, which can ionize hydrogen ions in water, and is acidic.
And because of its disulfonic acid group, it is more acidic and hydrophilic than the mono-sulfated benzene derivatives. And the conjugated system of benzene ring is affected by the electronic effect of sulfonic acid group, and its electron cloud distribution is different, and the reactivity of benzene ring is different from that of unsulfonated benzene. In many organic synthesis reactions, this structural feature can guide the checking point and direction of the reaction, and is an important structural basis in the field of organic synthesis chemistry, affecting the reactivity, solubility and other physical and chemical properties of compounds.

Benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid has a wide range of uses. In the field of chemical industry, one of them is an important agent for making dyes. In the formation of dyes, this acid is often relied on to help the chromophore group to match with the fiber, so that the color is bright and the fastness is good, the fabric is dyed, and the color does not fade for a long time.
can also be used in the production of medicine. In the process of pharmaceutical synthesis, this acid can provide a special environment for the reaction or participate in a specific reaction to form a compound with curative effect. Drugs used by physicians may have their own functions, saving the sick and helping the injured, and are indispensable.
In addition, it is also important in the production of surfactants. It can change the properties of the surface of the substance, making it have better emulsifying, dispersing, solubilizing and Daily cleaning materials, such as lotions and detergents, rely on them to improve the cleaning effect, have strong decontamination power, and make the materials clean.
And it is also useful in the preparation of catalysts. The activity and selectivity of the catalyst can be adjusted, and the chemical reaction can be assisted by this. The rate is suitable and the product is pure, which greatly increases the efficiency of industrial production. Therefore, benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid has its own importance in various industries. It is the foundation for the progress of the chemical industry, medicine and other industries. It is related to people's livelihood and has far-reaching impact.

Benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid is one of the organic compounds. Its physical properties are particularly important, as follows:
Looking at its morphology, benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid is often a white to pale yellow crystalline solid at room temperature and pressure. This morphology is easy to identify and has certain characteristics when stored and transported.
When it comes to solubility, it is highly soluble in water. This characteristic is due to the sulfonic acid group (-SO-H) in the molecular structure. The sulfonic acid group is highly hydrophilic and can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, so that benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid can be well dispersed in water. Because it is easily soluble in water, it is often involved in the form of aqueous solutions in many chemical reactions and industrial applications.
In addition to the melting point, the melting point of benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid is quite high. This higher melting point indicates that the intermolecular force is strong, or the hydrogen bond can be formed between the sulfonic acid groups, or the conjugated structure of the benzene ring makes the molecules closely arranged, requiring higher energy to destroy the lattice and melt it.
As for the boiling point, although the exact boiling point data may vary depending on the specific experimental conditions, it is generally known that the boiling point is also higher. The high boiling point is due to the complex and powerful intermolecular force, and a large amount of energy is required to transform it from a liquid state to a gaseous state.
Its density is higher than that of water, and this property has a significant impact in some processes involving stratification or phase separation. When benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid is mixed with less dense liquids such as water, it will be in the lower layer due to its high density.
In summary, the physical properties of benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid, such as the morphology of white to pale yellow crystalline solids, solubility in water, high melting and boiling points, and relatively high densities, are closely related to its molecular structure and play a key role in many fields such as chemical industry and scientific research.

The synthesis method of benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid has been known in ancient times, and it is described by you today.
First, benzene is used as the initial raw material and can be obtained by sulfonation. Take an appropriate amount of benzene first and place it in a suitable reaction vessel. Add concentrated sulfuric acid slowly. This process needs to be handled with caution, because concentrated sulfuric acid is highly corrosive and oxidizing. When adding, it is necessary to continuously stir to make the reaction system evenly heated to prevent local overheating from causing accidents. The reaction temperature also needs to be strictly controlled, generally maintained within a specific range, such as about 150-180 ° C. At this temperature, benzene and concentrated sulfuric acid undergo a sulfonation reaction, and the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring are replaced by sulfonic acid groups (-SOH) to gradually form benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid. Although the principle of this reaction is relatively clear, the details of the operation are quite critical. If the temperature is too high or too low, and the proportion of reactants is improper, it may affect the purity and yield of the product.
Second, some catalytic means can be used to optimize the synthesis. Select specific catalysts, such as certain metal salts or acidic catalysts. The addition of catalysts can reduce the activation energy of the reaction, making the reaction easier to proceed, and higher yields can be obtained under relatively mild conditions. After adding the catalyst, the temperature of the reaction can be appropriately reduced, such as to 120-150 ° C, but the reaction rate will not slow down. And the amount of catalyst is also considered. If it is too small, the catalytic effect will be poor, and if it is too much, it may lead to side reactions and affect the quality of the product.
Third, the synthesis efficiency can be improved by improving the reaction device. The use of a reaction vessel with a reflux device can condense and reflux the volatile reactants during the reaction, re-participate in the reaction, reduce the loss of raw materials, and then improve the yield. At the same time, the pressure of the reaction system is properly regulated. In some cases, an appropriate increase in pressure can help the reaction proceed in the direction of generating benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid. However, the regulation of pressure needs to be accurate according to the specific reaction conditions. Excessive pressure or increased equipment safety risks.
There are various methods for synthesizing benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid, and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to choose the appropriate synthesis method carefully according to the actual demand, considering the cost of raw materials, product purity, and the difficulty of reaction conditions.

Benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid is a commonly used chemical product. When using it, many things need to be paid attention to.
First, it is related to safety protection. This substance is corrosive and can cause damage to the skin and eyes when contacted. When taking it, be sure to wear appropriate protective equipment, such as acid and alkali resistant gloves, protective glasses, protective clothing, etc., to prevent it from contacting the skin and eyes. If you come into contact accidentally, rinse with plenty of water immediately, and seek medical treatment if necessary.
Second, storage. Store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, and prevent direct sunlight. Because it is quite sensitive to humidity and temperature, the temperature and humidity are not suitable or cause deterioration, which affects the use effect. At the same time, it should be stored separately from oxidants, alkalis, etc., and must not be mixed to avoid chemical reactions and potential safety hazards.
Third, during use. When dissolving or diluting this acid, it should be slowly added to the water and stirred constantly. Do not pour water into the acid to prevent acid splashing due to severe exotherm. And the operation should be carried out in a fume hood to avoid inhaling its volatile gases, because its volatile gases can irritate the respiratory tract and endanger health.
Fourth, for waste disposal. Do not dump waste benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid at will, and deal with it in accordance with relevant environmental regulations. In general, chemical neutralization and other methods can be used to reduce its acidity and harmfulness, and then handed over to professional waste treatment institutions for disposal to avoid environmental pollution.