What are the chemical properties of this substance?
The chemical properties of this substance are quite complex, and they vary according to their categories and structures. Now take common things as an example and explain in detail for you.
Such as metal substances, many have good electrical and thermal conductivity. Iron is easy to react with oxygen and water vapor in the air and rust, which is the oxidation reaction of iron. When it encounters acid substances, it will also undergo chemical reactions. For example, when iron meets dilute hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas will be produced, and iron fuses into acid to form ferrous salts.
Looking at non-metallic objects, take carbon as an example. Carbon is chemically stable at room temperature, so the ancients used ink to write and paint, which did not fade over time. However, under high temperature conditions, carbon can exhibit reducing properties and can react with metal oxides to reduce metals from their oxides. For example, carbon and copper oxide can be co-heated to reduce copper oxide to copper, and itself becomes carbon dioxide.
And like water, it is the source of life, and its chemical properties are also unique. Water can undergo electrolysis reactions. When direct current is applied, water will decompose into hydrogen and oxygen. And water can hydrate with a variety of substances, such as calcium oxide and water, which will react violently to form calcium hydroxide and release a lot of heat.
As for organic matter, in the case of ethanol, it is flammable. When ignited in the air, it can react with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide and water, and at the same time release a large amount of heat energy, which is often used as fuel. Ethanol can also react with active metals such as sodium to replace hydrogen and generate sodium ethanol and hydrogen.
This is only a corner of the chemical properties of common substances. The world is ever-changing, and the mystery of its chemical properties needs to be continuously explored and explored by everyone.
What fields is it mainly used in?
The items recorded in "Tiangong Kaiwu" are widely used and cover all fields.
In the field of agriculture, the book details the cultivation methods of rice, wheat and other grains, from seed selection, sowing, seedling raising to field management, all of which are described in detail. It is a guide for farming, so that farmers can obtain scientific methods to increase grain production. And on silkworm breeding, from planting mulberry and raising silkworms to reeling and weaving silk, the process is clear, which promotes the prosperity of silk weaving industry, produces exquisite silk, and sells it to foreign lands, adding color to Chinese trade.
In the field of handicraft industry, the art of ceramic firing is all in it. Describes the selection of porcelain clay, billet forming, glazing decoration and kiln firing. Each step is fine, resulting in exquisite porcelain texture, which is famous all over the world. Metal smelting is also the focus. Metal smelting and forging of gold, silver, copper, iron and other metals is recorded from ore mining, refining to utensil building. The weapons blades and agricultural implements made are of great use in military and production.
In the field of papermaking, the book records the whole process of papermaking, from raw material collection, cooking, pounding to papermaking and drying. The process is coherent, and the paper made is of a wide variety for writing, printing, etc., to promote cultural dissemination.
In terms of architecture, it involves woodworking, tile work and other skills, ranging from palace construction to small residential construction. The materials, structure and construction are all explained, providing a basis for creating a strong and beautiful building.
The fields involved in "Tiangong Kaiwu" have made the inheritance of craftsmanship and technology orderly, and are widely used. It has made great achievements in the national economy and people's livelihood, cultural inheritance, and trade exchanges. It can be called a practical encyclopedia, which has benefited many industries in later generations.
What is the production process like?
Its craftsmanship is made by combining the ingenuity of heaven and the refinement of manpower. From the perspective of "Tiangong Kaiwu", all kinds of craftsmanship have their own exquisite methods.
Like the art of smelting and casting, when casting a cauldron, it must first use mud as a mold, carefully carve the lines and shapes, so as to make sure it is not pleasant. The material selection is also very elegant, and the ore must be selected many times to remove impurities, and then into the furnace for smelting. Control of the heat is particularly critical. If it is too prosperous, the metal will be dispersed and difficult to form, and if it is too weak, it will not be fully fused, and the texture will be uneven. When the melt is poured into the mold, it needs careful care to cool it slowly, and it can be formed into a tool. The tool is exquisite and natural.
The art of weaving begins with the picking of cotton. Cotton needs to be full and fibrous. After picking, the seeds are loosened, combed into strips, and the spinning wheel flies to spin the cotton strips into thin threads. The thickness of the thread is uniform, thanks to the skill of the weaver. Dyeing is also a wonderful method. It uses natural plants and minerals as dyes, which are brewed and boiled, and the dyed color is fresh and lasting. On the loom, the warp and weft are interwoven, and the weaver designs according to the pattern, shuttling the leads, either for flowers or for auspicious beasts, which are vivid.
Ceramics are fired, and the soil is selected from the quality of high mountains, which is delicate and pure. When making a blank, when applying glaze, the thickness is appropriate, and the glaze color can be even. In the kiln fire, the temperature changes thousands of times, the firewood is increased and decreased in an orderly manner, and different stages have different heat requirements. When leaving the kiln, the porcelain is as warm and radiant as jade, or as green as the sky, or as white as snow, or painted with landscape figures, all of which are ingenious works.
All these various crafts are condensed with the wisdom and hard work of the craftsman. The process is complicated and rigorous, and every step is related to the quality of the finished product. In the end, it creates exquisite utensils and highlights the excellent skills of the ancients.
How safe and stable are they?
The way of safety is the most important thing. The security of the husband and the goods, the stability of the beams in the house, the water of the boat, are indispensable.
And safety, so as to prevent the first. Gu Yun: "When people are small, they know what is cute, and when they are at the end, they know what is at the end." At the beginning of the action, the inspection is not small, and the trouble is not yet. If the building room is made, it must be the stability of the foundation site, the excellence of the wood and the skills of the craftsman, and the long-term danger. The way to do things is to follow the rules, as if you are walking in a strange place, follow the way to be safe, and the opposite is true.
Those who are determined are in order. Heaven and earth move, and the four changes are orderly, so they can be normal. The affairs of people also need to be rectified. Such as governing a brigade, the army has the order, and the army has the order, so that the order can be prohibited, and the soldiers are high-ranking, and the order can be maintained. The government, the system, the clear laws, so that the people have something to rely on, the state is determined, and the people live in peace.
Furthermore, the security of the human heart is especially fundamental. If the heart is still water, it does not touch the outside world. A gentleman's self-cultivation, benevolence, external protection, wealth is not adulterous, and he will not move, and his might is unyielding. Encounters are not difficult, and adversity is not difficult, and the heart is confident.
In this case, safety is fixed, not a day's work. It is necessary to guard against micro-adversity, follow the rules, cultivate the body and correct the mind, and then he can The foundation of security and the guarantee of things.
What are the physical properties?
The first shape of things is rational, and things have three shapes, which are said to be solid, said to be liquid, and said to be solid. Such as gold and stone, they are often solid, and their shape is fixed, and it is easy to do so; water and oil, and liquid, and the shape of the device, then it is fixed; to the empty stream, if it is fixed, it can be scattered in the four fields.
The second word is color, the color of the object, multicolored. The color of the flower and the green of the flower are all due to the reflection of the light on its surface. Flowers reflect light and absorb color; those who reflect light and other colors are like colors.
If there is light, things are different. Things of gold, many of them have golden light, shining, such as red, white, and gold; while wood and stone, light or dark or soft, not as dazzling as gold.
Furthermore, the hardness of things, the quality of things. Gold and stone are hard, and can be engraved with other things; while plaster, the ground is waxy, and it is easy to be invaded by other things. If it is like a stone, it can be made of glass; and if it is a stone, it will be concave after a while.
And it has density, which is the amount of matter. The density of water is one gram per cubic centimeter, and the density of different things varies. The density of gold is high, and it is placed in the water to sink; the density of wood is small, and it often floats on the water surface.
The density of gold is low, and the gold is good for cooking, and the fire speed is high in the kettle, while the wood and porcelain are high, so the handle of cookware is often made of wood and porcelain to prevent hand damage.
The nature of the cookware is also one of the physical properties. The gold is more good, and it can be used for circulation. For example, the rubber and ceramics have good performance, and can be separated from the flow. It can be used for the set of tools.
Where this is the case, it is the physical nature of things. It can be seen that the nature of things can be used to benefit personnel.
