Mopso 3-(N-Morpholino)-2-Hydroxypropanesulfonic Acid

Mopso, or 3- (N-morpholino) -2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, is a commonly used zwitterionic buffer in the field of biochemistry. It has many unique chemical properties.
First, Mopso has a moderate acid-base buffering capacity. In a specific pH range, generally between pH 6.5 and 7.9, it can effectively maintain the stability of the pH of the solution. This property is like a strong barrier, which can resist large fluctuations in pH when external acid-base substances are added, thus providing a stable microenvironment for many biochemical reactions and biomacromolecules sensitive to acid-base environments.
Second, Mopso is chemically stable. Under common experimental conditions, it is not easily affected by chemical reactions such as oxidation and hydrolysis. This stability ensures that it can maintain its own chemical structure and buffering properties under different experimental systems and storage conditions, just like a loyal guard, always sticking to its post.
Furthermore, Mopso has no significant interference with most biomolecules. Whether it is biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, or various enzymatic reactions, it is like a humble gentleman, treating them gently, does not interact with them, and does not affect the activity and structure of biomolecules, allowing scientists to study biological processes in a pure and undisturbed environment.
In addition, Mopso has good solubility and is easily soluble in water. It can be quickly and evenly dispersed in the aqueous solution system, which brings great convenience to the experimental operation. Just like smart water, it is naturally integrated and does not hinder the experimental process.

Mopso, or 3 - (N - morpholino) - 2 - hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, is widely used in many fields such as biochemical research.
In the field of biochemical experiments, it can be used as a buffer. Because of its specific pH buffer range, it can maintain a stable pH value of the reaction system and ensure the smooth progress of biochemical reactions. Many enzymatic reactions are extremely sensitive to pH, and the enzyme activity will be affected if there is a slight deviation. For example, specific proteases catalyze protein hydrolysis, the Mopso buffer system can stabilize the environmental pH, keep the protease active, and help researchers accurately explore the mechanism of protease action and kinetic parameters.
Mopso is also commonly used in the field of cell culture. Cell growth requires strict environmental pH, and Mopso can create a suitable pH to ensure normal cell growth and metabolism. Like some mammalian cell lines, with the help of Mopso to maintain a stable pH, cells can better adhere to the wall and proliferate, providing a stable cell culture environment for cell biology research and biopharmaceuticals.
In molecular biology experiments such as nucleic acid extraction and amplification, Mopso also plays an important role. Stabilizing pH is of great significance for maintaining nucleic acid structure and activity. When extracting DNA, suitable pH can prevent DNA degradation; during PCR amplification, the stable buffer environment constructed by Mopso ensures Taq enzyme activity, making the amplification reaction efficient and accurate, and assisting gene detection, disease diagnosis and other research.

There are several methods for preparing 3- (N-morpholine) -2 -hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (Mopso) as follows.
One is to use morpholine and epichlorohydrin as starting materials. First, epichlorohydrin and morpholine undergo a ring-opening reaction. This reaction needs to be carried out in an appropriate temperature and solvent. For example, in mild heating and organic solvents such as ethanol, the two interact, the epoxy bond is opened, and the nitrogen atom in the morpholine attacks the carbon atom of epichlorohydrin to form a preliminary product. Subsequently, this product reacts with sodium bisulfite, and the sulfonic acid group is introduced into the molecule. After a series of post-processing operations, such as distillation and crystallization, pure Mopso can be obtained.
The second can be prepared by the reaction of sodium 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropanesulfonate with morpholine. Sodium 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropanesulfonate and morpholine are mixed in a reaction vessel in an appropriate ratio. Under the condition of alkali catalysis, such as the presence of sodium hydroxide, the nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs between the two, and the chlorine atom is replaced by the nitrogen atom in the morpholine to form the target product Mopso. After the reaction is completed, the excess alkali and salt impurities are removed by ion exchange resin treatment, and then the finished Mopso is obtained through concentration and drying.
There is another method of reacting 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate with morpholine. This reaction also needs to control the appropriate reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH value, etc. Under appropriate conditions, the nucleophilic substitution of the two occurs to form Mopso. After the reaction is completed, the product can be purified by recrystallization and other methods to achieve the desired purity.

Mopso, that is, 3 - (N - morpholino) -2 - hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, when using, all the precautions must be observed.
First, Mopso has a specific acid-base buffer range, about pH 6.5 - 7.9. It must be used according to the pH required for the experiment. If it exceeds this range, the buffering effect may be greatly reduced, causing pH fluctuations in the experimental system and affecting the accuracy of the results.
Second, solubility is also the key. Although it is soluble in water, the dissolution process may require moderate stirring and heating to help dissolve. If it is not fully dissolved, there are undissolved particles in the solution, or it may interfere with the experiment, especially for experiments that require uniform solution, such as spectral analysis, chromatographic analysis, etc.
Third, the interaction between Mopso and metal ions should not be underestimated. Specific groups in its structure may be complexed with metal ions. If the experimental system contains metal ions, it is necessary to carefully investigate the effect of this complexation on the experiment, or cause changes in the activity of metal ions and affect the relevant reaction process.
Fourth, stability should not be ignored. Mopso should be stored in a dry, cool place, protected from light and cool. If exposed to high temperature, high humidity or strong light environment, or cause it to decompose and deteriorate, affecting the performance of use.
Fifth, safety protection during use should be paid attention to. When operating, it is appropriate to wear laboratory clothes, gloves and goggles. If you accidentally contact the skin or eyes, rinse with plenty of water quickly, and seek medical attention if necessary.

Compared with other similar reagents, Mopso has many advantages.
Mopso has unique buffering properties and suitable buffering range. In biochemical research, many enzymatic reactions and protein analysis are extremely sensitive to pH value, and Mopso can effectively stabilize the pH of the system within a specific pH range to ensure the smooth reaction. Taking a protein activity determination experiment as an example, other reagents have poor buffering capacity, resulting in large fluctuations in pH during the reaction process and affecting protein activity. Mopso can stabilize pH and accurately determine protein activity.
Its chemical properties are stable. Under normal temperature and conventional storage conditions, Mopso is not easy to deteriorate and decompose, which is conducive to long-term storage and use. Like some similar reagents, it is easy to react with components in the air or decompose itself when stored, reducing the purity and efficacy of the reagents. Mopso does not have this fear. Scientists do not need to change reagents frequently, saving costs and energy.
Mopso has good biocompatibility. In cell culture and in vivo experiments, it has little interference with the biological system. For example, when cell culture, some reagents will affect cell growth and metabolism, but Mopso can create a pH condition close to the physiological environment of cells. Cells can grow and proliferate normally without interfering with the normal physiological functions of cells, and the reliability of biological experiment results is significantly improved.
In addition, Mopso has good solubility, can quickly dissolve in water and a variety of organic solvents, and is convenient for application in different experimental systems, which brings convenience to experimental operation.