What are the main application fields of N-Cyclohexyl-3-Aminopropanesulfonic Acid?
N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, referred to as CAPS, is a commonly used zwitterion buffer in the biochemical field. Its main application fields are as follows:
First, it has a significant effect in biochemistry and molecular biology experiments. Because it has a specific buffer range (pH 9.7-11.1), it can effectively maintain the stability of the pH of the solution in this range. Many enzymatic reactions, protein electrophoresis and protein crystallization experiments are extremely sensitive to the pH value of the reaction system, and a slight deviation may affect the experimental results. CAPS can precisely regulate the pH environment to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment. Taking protein crystallization as an example, a suitable pH environment is the key to protein crystallization. CAPS can provide suitable pH, help obtain high-quality protein crystals, and lay the foundation for subsequent structure analysis.
Second, in the field of cell culture, it is also indispensable. Cell growth requires strict pH values in the culture environment, and small fluctuations may affect cell growth, metabolism and function. CAPS can cooperate with other buffer systems to create a stable living environment for cells. For some special cells, such as cells with specific needs for alkaline environment, the alkaline buffer environment provided by CAPS can meet their growth needs and maintain the normal physiological state of cells.
Third, in drug development, CAPS also plays an important role. In the process of drug development, it is necessary to simulate the human physiological environment for experiments. CAPS can be used to construct a buffer system close to the physiological pH value of the human body, and to evaluate the stability, solubility and activity of drugs under specific pH levels. For example, the development of drugs targeting alkaline environment lesions, the buffer system constructed by CAPS can effectively study the behavior of drugs in this environment, providing a basis for the design and optimization of drug dosage forms.
Fourth, CAPS is also widely used in the preparation of electrophoresis buffers. In experiments such as isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, the pH value of the buffer needs to be precisely controlled to achieve the separation of biological macromolecules such as proteins according to isoelectric point differences. Due to its unique buffering properties, CAPS can stabilize the pH layer during electrophoresis, improve the resolution and accuracy of protein separation, and assist the analysis and identification of biomacromolecules.
What are the physical and chemical properties of N-Cyclohexyl-3-Aminopropanesulfonic Acid?
N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid is a commonly used biological buffer. Its physical and chemical properties are as follows:
From the perspective of this substance, it is mostly in the state of white crystalline powder, like frost and snow, with a fine texture. Its solubility is quite good, and it can be easily dissolved in water, just like ice and snow melting in spring water to form a uniform solution. This characteristic makes it very popular in the preparation of many biochemical experimental solutions.
When it comes to pH, the substance has a specific buffer range, about between pH 9.3 and 10.7. Like a loyal guard, it can effectively maintain the stability of the pH of the solution. Even if there is a small amount of acid-base interference from the outside world, it can also make the pH fluctuation very small, ensuring that the biochemical reaction can proceed smoothly in a suitable acid-base environment.
In terms of stability, under conventional storage conditions, it is quite stable and can be stored for a long time without changing its properties. However, in case of extreme conditions such as high temperature and strong oxidants, if the weak body is overwhelmed, its structure may be damaged and its properties will change accordingly.
Furthermore, the melting point of this substance also has its specific value, usually between 190 and 192 degrees Celsius. When the temperature rises to this point, it gradually melts from solid to liquid, just like ice turns into water. This property is of great significance in the identification and purity judgment of substances.
Its chemical properties are also unique. The molecular structure contains amino groups and sulfonic acid groups. The amino group has a certain alkalinity, and the sulfonic acid group is acidic. Such a special structure gives it the characteristics of both sexes and can react with acids or bases, just like a wise man who can flex and stretch, and has corresponding performance in different chemical environments.
N-Cyclohexyl-3-Aminopropanesulfonic Acid to pay attention to when storing and transporting
N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, this is a biochemical reagent, and many matters need to be paid attention to when storing and transporting.
First, the storage temperature is very critical. It should be stored in a cool and dry place, and the storage temperature is usually recommended to be 2-8 ° C. If the temperature is too high, it may cause chemical changes in the reagent, such as accelerating its decomposition, which in turn affects its chemical stability and biological activity; if the temperature is too low, especially when it is close to or below its freezing point, it may cause the reagent to crystallize, and it may not be able to return to the original homogeneous state when redissolving, affecting the use effect.
Second, humidity cannot be ignored. The high humidity environment is easy to make the reagent absorb moisture, which in turn causes deliquescence and changes its chemical composition and purity. Therefore, it needs to be placed in a dry environment. A desiccant can be used to maintain the dryness of the storage space and prevent deterioration due to excessive moisture.
Third, be sure to avoid violent vibration and collision during transportation. This reagent is mostly in the form of powder or crystal, which can cause severe vibration or damage to the package. If the package is damaged, the reagent is easy to come into contact with the external environment and suffer pollution. It may also cause different batches of reagents to mix with each other, affecting the quality.
Fourth, pay attention to the sealing of the package. Whether it is storage or transportation, a good sealed package can effectively block the intrusion of air, moisture and other impurities. If the packaging seal is not good, oxygen in the air or oxidizing reagents, carbon dioxide and other gases may also react with it, reducing the quality of the reagent.
Fifth, care should also be taken to avoid mixing or mixing with other chemical substances. Because of its specific chemical properties, contact with certain substances or chemical reactions may occur, so it should be stored and transported separately, and cannot be stored or transported with corrosive or reactive substances such as acids and bases to prevent danger or reduce the quality of the reagent. In this way, the quality and stability of N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid during storage and transportation can be ensured.
What are the synthetic methods of N-Cyclohexyl-3-Aminopropanesulfonic Acid?
The synthesis method of N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (referred to as CAPS) has been explored by many parties throughout the ages, and the methods are various. The following common methods are briefly described.
First, 3-bromopropanesulfonic acid and cyclohexylamine are used as raw materials. In an appropriate reaction vessel, put an appropriate amount of 3-bromopropanesulfonic acid, and then slowly add cyclohexylamine. At the same time, the temperature and pH of the reaction need to be carefully controlled. When the two meet, a nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs, the bromine ion leaves, and the nitrogen atom of cyclohexylamine is connected to the carbon atom of 3-bromopropanesulfonic acid, In this process, the control of temperature is very critical. If it is too high, it is easy to produce side reactions, resulting in impure products; if it is too low, the reaction rate is slow, which takes a long time.
Second, acrylic acid and cyclohexylamine are used as starting materials. First, acrylic acid is properly activated to make it more reactive. Then, cyclohexylamine is added, and the two undergo an addition reaction, introducing a cyclohexylamine group at the double bond of acrylic acid. Then, under the action of a suitable sulfonating agent, a sulfonate group is introduced at a specific position to obtain CAPS. In this route, the activation step and the choice of sulfonation reaction conditions, such as the type, dosage, and reaction time of reagents, have a profound impact on the yield and purity of the product.
Third, it can also be obtained from other related compounds through multi-step reactions. However, such methods are often complicated in steps, require harsh reaction conditions, and are difficult to operate, so they are rarely used in actual synthesis.
Synthesis of CAPS requires careful selection of appropriate methods according to specific needs and conditions, and fine control of each reaction link to obtain high-purity products.
N-Cyclohexyl-3-Aminopropanesulfonic advantages of Acid compared to other similar compounds
N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (CAPS) has several advantages over other seemingly similar compounds.
CAPS has excellent buffering performance and can effectively maintain the pH stability of the system in the range of pH 9.7-11.1. For example, in biochemical experiments, many enzymatic reactions require a specific pH environment. With its precise buffering ability, CAPS can make the pH value of the reaction system stable, so that the enzyme can retain activity and function. This non-other compound is easily accessible.
Its chemical stability is quite good, and it is not easy to chemically react with surrounding substances under normal conditions. In complex chemical systems or long-term storage, CAPS can maintain its own structure and properties unchanged. For example, in the preparation process of drug development, if CAPS is used as a buffer, it can ensure the stability of drug ingredients, do not have side reactions with the buffer system, and ensure the quality and efficacy of drugs.
CAPS has good compatibility with biological systems, and is non-toxic and non-interfering to many biological macromolecules and cells. In cell culture or protein research, the use of CAPS as a buffer substance can maintain a suitable pH environment without affecting cell growth, protein structure and function. This property makes CAPS very popular in the biomedical field and is not comparable to general similar compounds.
Furthermore, CAPS has excellent solubility and can be better dissolved in water and some organic solvents. This makes it convenient to use CAPS to prepare the required buffer solution in different experimental or production scenarios, whether it is an aqueous system or a system containing certain organic solvents, which provides convenience for experimental operation and industrial production.