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What are the main uses of sodium petroleum sulfonate?
Petroleum caustic soda is widely used. In the "Tiangong Kaiwu", although the use of petroleum caustic soda is not detailed, it is known today that its use is quite important.
Petroleum caustic soda, that is, sodium hydroxide, is a highly alkaline chemical. First, in the textile industry, it is very useful. In ancient textiles, cloth needs to be cleaned and refined. With petroleum caustic soda, oil stains and impurities can be removed from cloth, making it cleaner, and making the color of cloth bright and soft to the touch. For example, in ancient silk weaving, after this treatment, the quality of silk can be greatly improved, bright and bright, suitable for cutting ready-to-wear, which is liked by nobles.
Second, the papermaking industry also depends on it. At the beginning of papermaking, wood and other raw materials need to be made into pulp. Petroleum caustic soda can help decompose lignin, separate fibers, and make pulp more delicate and uniform. The paper produced in this way is smooth and flexible, suitable for writing and printing. The ancient scholars used good paper, or also went through this process.
Third, in the manufacture of soap, petroleum caustic soda is the key thing. Oil and caustic soda combine, and through the reaction of saponification, soap is produced. Soap is quite convenient for the ancients to clean clothes and bodies. And the soap made has strong decontamination power, can remove scale and greasy, and make clothes as clean as new.
Fourth, in the art of metallurgy, petroleum caustic soda also has auxiliary power. When smelting ore, it can be used to remove impurities and purify metals. Such as the refining of copper and iron, after this treatment, the purity of the metal can be improved, and the equipment made is more durable. It can be used in the manufacture of agricultural implements and weapons, which is related to people's livelihood and national defense.
In summary, petroleum caustic soda is used in many industries such as textiles, papermaking, soap manufacturing, metallurgy, etc. Although "Tiangong Kaiwu" is not detailed, its contribution is indispensable, and it is a key agent in ancient and modern industries.
What are the chemical properties of sodium petroleum sulfonate?
In the case of petroleum acid, it is one of the most important chemical compounds. Its characteristics are special, let me say.
Petroleum acid, the color is often light or slightly brown, and the outer layer is multi-powder, and it is easy to melt. Its melting speed is high. Generally speaking, it can only be melted at a high degree of phase. This characteristic makes it possible to maintain a phase-determined shape under high temperature conditions, and it is not easy to melt.
In terms of chemical activity, petroleum acid has a certain reaction activity. When encountering acid, it can be biochemically reactive and generate new compounds. This reaction may involve the preparation of seeds, etc., to make it biochemically modified. However, when it comes to chemical solutions, it will also be reversed. However, the degree of reaction and the quality of the product are different when it comes to acid.
Furthermore, petroleum-based acids have a certain solubility in solution. Partial solubility can make them slowly dissolve to form a homogeneous solution. This solubility provides specific application possibilities in some chemical and manufacturing processes.
In addition, the characterization of petroleum-based acids is also worth mentioning. In the case of frequent and specialized dry materials, its chemical properties are not easily determined, and it is not easy to spontaneously decompose or other intense processes. However, if it is exposed to high temperature, high temperature or oxidation, and other conditions, its qualitative properties will be tested, or biochemical reactions will be changed.
In addition, the chemical properties of petroleum acid have both qualitative and specific reaction activity under specific conditions, and their melting and solubility characteristics also make them have specific application values in multiple domains.
What should be paid attention to when storing sodium petroleum sulfonate?
When storing petroleum caustic soda, there are many people to pay attention to.
Choice of the first heavy container. Petroleum caustic soda is highly corrosive and should be stored in a special alkali-resistant container. Containers made of ceramics, glass fiber reinforced plastics, etc., can effectively resist its corrosion, so that caustic soda remains stable during storage, and will not leak due to damage to the container and endanger the surrounding area.
The second is the choice of the environment. The storage place must be dry and well ventilated. If it is in a humid environment, caustic soda is easy to deliquescent, resulting in damage to its quality. And poor ventilation, or the accumulation of harmful gases, is a risk to people and things. Furthermore, the temperature must also be controlled. High temperature or caustic soda chemical properties change, accelerate its deterioration, so it should be stored in a cool place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Also, it must be prevented from mixing with other substances. Petroleum caustic soda should not be co-stored with acids, flammable substances, organic substances, etc., because it will react violently with acids, and mix with flammable and organic substances or risk fire and explosion.
In addition, the storage place should be clearly marked, with warnings such as "corrosive substances" in the book, so that everyone is aware of its danger and treat it with caution. And it should be inspected regularly to see if the container is damaged or leaked, to check whether the environmental conditions are suitable, and if there is any abnormality, dispose of it quickly to ensure the safety of storage.
What are the effects of sodium petroleum sulfonate on the environment?
"Tiangong Kaiwu" on the impact of petroleum caustic soda on the environment
In today's world, the application of petroleum caustic soda is becoming more and more widespread, but its impact on the environment should not be underestimated. For oil, the ancient "stone paint" is also, and many hidden dangers arise during refining.
When mining oil, although the drilling method can obtain oil, the process often causes changes in the earth veins, and the quality of water and soil is easily damaged. And oil seeps into the ground, pollutes the soil, and makes plants and trees not grow. And refining oil is a usable thing, and waste gas is generated, floating in the air, covering the sky and covering the sun. People breathe it, and it is easy to contract diseases.
Caustic soda is also a strong alkali made by chemistry. When it is produced, it requires a variety of chemical raw materials, which consumes a lot of energy. And during the production process, wastewater overflows into rivers, lakes and seas, causing ecological chaos in the water. Fish and turtles are terrified, and it is difficult to live safely; aquatic plants wither and lose their vitality.
Petroleum caustic soda and caustic soda, if used inadvertently, are harmful to the atmosphere, water, soil and organisms. Although they are needed by the world, people must not ignore the harm, and they must find proper ways to make the best use of things without damaging the environment. In ancient law, people should follow nature, and when using things, think about the cycle of them, and should not use up the water and fish. Today, if you want to stimulate industry and benefit people's livelihood, you should also take protecting the environment as the most important way to last for a long time.
How does sodium petroleum sulfonate react with other chemical components?
Petroleum caustic soda is commonly used in chemical industry. When it meets other chemical components, the reaction is quite complicated.
Petroleum caustic soda, that is, sodium hydroxide, is strongly alkaline. If it encounters acids, it will neutralize. Just like sulfuric acid and caustic soda are mixed, sulfuric acid contains dihydrogen ions, and hydroxide in caustic soda combines with it to form water. Sulfate and sodium ions also combine to form sodium sulfate. The reaction formula is: $H_ {2} SO_ {4} + 2NaOH = Na_ {2} SO_ {4} + 2H_ {2} O $. This reaction is violent and often generates a lot of heat.
When encountering salts, the reaction follows the law of metathesis. If caustic soda meets copper sulfate, hydroxide and copper ion affinity, forming copper hydroxide precipitation, sodium ion and sulfate form sodium sulfate and remain in solution. The formula is: $2NaOH + CuSO_ {4} = Cu (OH) _ {2}\ downarrow + Na_ {2} SO_ {4} $. Copper hydroxide is a blue flocculent precipitation, which is often discernible.
In case of non-metallic oxides, it also reacts. Take carbon dioxide as an example. Carbon dioxide is an acidic oxide and meets caustic soda to synthesize sodium carbonate and water. If there is an excess of carbon dioxide, sodium carbonate continues to interact with carbon dioxide and water to form sodium bicarbonate. The initial reaction formula is: $2NaOH + CO_ {2} = Na_ {2} CO_ {3} + H_ {2} O $; the subsequent reaction formula is: $Na_ {2} CO_ {3} + CO_ {2} + H_ {2} O = 2NaHCO_ {3} $.
In organic compounds, oil can be saponified by caustic soda. The oil is originally a higher fatty acid glyceride, which is decomposed into higher fatty acid sodium and glycerol under the action of caustic soda. Sodium higher fatty acid is the main component of soap, and this reaction is widely used in the soap industry.
All of these, the reaction between petroleum caustic soda and other chemical components varies according to the nature of the product, and the phenomenon is diverse, which is of great significance in many industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and soap making.
