Piperazine-N,N′-Bis(2-Ethanesulfonic Acid)

The Chinese names of piperazine - $N $, $N '-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid) refer to the category of chemical substance naming. This substance belongs to a class of important compounds in the field of chemistry. Its naming follows the established chemical naming rules, "piperazine" is the name of the basic structure, characterizing a specific nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound; "$N $, $N' $-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid) ", which accurately describes the situation of the substituent attached to the piperazine nitrogen atom, that is, two nitrogen atoms are connected to 2-ethanesulfonic acid groups.
In many fields such as chemical industry and biochemistry, this substance is widely used. For example, in the preparation of biological buffers, its buffering performance is excellent, which can effectively maintain the stability of the pH of the solution, create a suitable environment for biochemical reactions, and help many biological experiments and industrial production processes to advance smoothly. This naming allows chemists to follow a unified standard and accurately communicate and identify the substance, which is of great significance to the development of chemical research and related industries.

Piperazine -\ (N, N '\) -bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid), commonly known as PIPES, is a commonly used reagent in biochemical research. Its main uses are as follows:
First, as a buffer. In biochemical and molecular biology experiments, many reactions need to be carried out smoothly in a specific pH environment. PIPES has good buffering ability and can maintain the stability of the pH value of the reaction system. For example, in some enzymatic reactions, specific enzymes are only active within a suitable pH range. PIPES can stabilize the pH of the system at the optimal activity range of the enzyme, ensuring the normal development of enzymatic reactions and avoiding interference with experimental results due to pH fluctuations.
Second, for cell culture. When cells are cultured in vitro, they are extremely sensitive to the pH of the growth environment. PIPES can adjust the pH of cell culture medium, create a suitable growth environment for cells, so that cells can grow and proliferate normally under stable pH conditions, and facilitate the development of cell biology related research and experiments.
Third, in the field of protein crystallization, PIPES also plays an important role. The protein crystallization process requires strict solution conditions, and pH is one of the key factors. PIPES can precisely regulate the pH of the solution, which helps to induce protein crystallization, thus laying the foundation for research such as protein structure analysis. By obtaining high-quality protein crystals, scientists can use X-ray crystallography and other technologies to deeply explore the three-dimensional structure of proteins, and then understand their functions and mechanisms of action.

Piperazine - N, N '-Bis (2 - Ethanesulfonic Acid), Chinese name piperazine - N, N' -bis (2 - ethanesulfonic acid), often referred to as PIPES. Its physical properties are as follows:
This substance is a white crystalline powder with stable properties and is not prone to decomposition and other changes under normal conditions. It is soluble in water to form a colorless and transparent solution, and the dissolution process is relatively smooth, without insolubility or turbidity. Its aqueous solution is acidic and can exhibit a specific pH value at a certain concentration.
The melting point of PIPES is quite clear, usually within a certain temperature range, which is helpful for treating and separating it through temperature control in specific experiments or industrial processes. At the same time, its solubility in organic solvents is quite different from that in water, and it has low solubility or even insolubility in some common organic solvents, which makes it necessary to fully consider its solubility characteristics when selecting solvents for related reactions or treatments.
From the appearance, the shape of the white crystal makes it easy to identify. During storage and use, it is stable due to its properties. As long as it follows the conventional chemical storage conditions, such as placing it in a dry, cool place and avoiding contact with strong oxidants and other substances, it can be well preserved for subsequent experiments or production. This physical property makes it widely used in many fields such as biochemistry and molecular biology, such as as as a buffer to adjust the pH of the reaction system to maintain the stability of the reaction environment.

Piperazine - N, N '-Bis (2 - Ethanesulfonic Acid), Chinese name piperazine - N, N' -bis (2 - ethanesulfonic acid), often referred to as PIPES, this is a biological buffer. When storing this thing, you need to pay attention to many aspects.
First, temperature is very important. It should be stored in a low temperature environment, usually 2 - 8 ° C. In this way, it can effectively slow down its chemical change rate and avoid the deterioration of the buffer due to excessive temperature. If the temperature is too high, the molecular activity will be enhanced, or adverse reactions such as decomposition will be triggered, which will weaken its buffering performance.
Second, humidity cannot be ignored. It should be placed in a dry place to prevent moisture. Because it has a certain water absorption, after moisture, it will not only change its own concentration, affect the buffering effect, but also breed microorganisms and contaminate the reagent.
Third, light also affects it. It needs to be stored away from light. The energy in the light may cause it to undergo photochemical reactions, resulting in structural changes and reducing the stability and effectiveness of the buffer. Can be stored in a brown bottle to block light.
Fourth, the sealing should not be ignored. Be sure to ensure that the storage container is well sealed to prevent contact with air. Components such as carbon dioxide in the air may react with the buffer, interfering with its pH and affecting the buffering performance.
Fifth, the storage location should be kept away from strong oxidants, strong acids and alkalis and other chemicals. These substances may react chemically with PIPES, resulting in their failure. It needs to be stored separately, marked for easy access and management, and to avoid danger caused by accidental mixing.

Piperazine-N, N '-Bis (2-Ethanesulfonic Acid) is piperazine-N, N' -bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid), often abbreviated as PIPES, and is a commonly used buffer in biochemical research. The synthesis method is as follows:
The starting material is piperazine and 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid. First, the piperazine is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, such as methanol or ethanol. This organic solvent can promote the uniform dispersion of the piperazine, which is conducive to the subsequent reaction. Then, under stirring, 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid is slowly added to it. This process requires strict control of the reaction temperature, which is generally maintained between 50 and 80 ° C. Due to the low temperature, the reaction rate is slow and time-consuming; if the temperature is too high, it is easy to trigger side reactions and affect the purity of the product.
During the reaction, the nitrogen atom in piperazine will undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction with the chlorine atom of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid. The nitrogen atom of piperazine is rich in electrons and has nucleophilicity, while the chlorine atom of 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid is affected by the sulfonic acid group and is easily attacked by nucleophilic reagents. As the reaction advances, the target product PIPES is gradually formed.
After the reaction is completed, the organic solvent is removed by means of reduced pressure distillation. After that, the remaining product is dissolved in an appropriate amount of water and The ion exchange resin can effectively adsorb impurity ions and improve the purity of the product. Finally, pure PIPES crystals are obtained by evaporation, concentration, cooling and crystallization.
Another synthesis path uses piperazine and ethanesulfonic acid as raw materials. Piperazine and ethanesulfonic acid are mixed in a reaction vessel in a certain proportion, and an appropriate amount of catalyst, such as potassium carbonate, is added. Under heating conditions, the two undergo an addition reaction to gradually generate PIPES. This method also requires precise control of the reaction conditions to ensure the quality and yield of the product. After the reaction is completed, separation, purification and other operations are also required to obtain high-purity PIPES.