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What are the common applications of poly (sodium styrene sulfonate)?
Poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) is widely used in the world. Looking at the genus of "Tiangong Kaiwu", although it is not directly stated about this thing, it is deduced from the ancient principles of creation and use of things, and its use can be understood.
First, in the industry of weaving, this material can be made into good cloth. Its quality is smooth and has good toughness. It travels through latitudes and latitudes, and is woven into cloth. It feels comfortable to wear. It is not easy to break when the wind blows, and it is not perishable when the rain rains. The silk and silk of ancient times were all of high quality and durability, and today's poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) cloth is also in line with this.
Second, in the way of utensils, it can be cast into all kinds of utensils. Its nature is stable, it is not afraid of the invasion of water and fire, and it can be shaped into a genus of dishes, bowls and bottles. If the ancient pottery, porcelain, copper, and iron utensils each have their own length, and the utensils of this material are light and strong, easy to hold, and not fragile. You can get it when you travel at home.
Third, in the way of decoration, it can become bright beads. After being pondered by a skilled craftsman, its light is radiant, resembling jade beads and gemstones, which can add brilliance to clothing. In ancient times, wearing jade and beads was beautiful and expensive. Today, this material is used for decoration, which is cheap and easy to obtain, and can also enhance people's style.
Fourth, in the field of manufacturing, it is a good insulating material. The power of electricity depends on insulation to protect safety. This material can isolate electricity, so that electricity can run smoothly without risk of leakage. For example, in ancient times, walls were built to prevent external threats. Today, insulating "walls" are built to ensure electricity safety.
Therefore, the use of poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) in clothing, utensils, decorations, and workmanship has its own ability that cannot be ignored. Although it does not exist in ancient times, its function can be compared with the good things of ancient times, and its work in this world should not be underestimated.
What are the physical and chemical properties of poly (sodium styrene sulfonate)?
Poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) is a common polymer compound. Its physical and chemical properties are unique and related to various application fields, which cannot be ignored.
On its physical properties, first look at its shape. At room temperature, poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) is often in a solid state, with a tough texture and a certain rigidity, which makes it advantageous in many structural material applications. Its melting point is also considerable, about 250 to 260 degrees Celsius. Such a high melting point allows it to maintain a stable form in high temperature environments, and it is not easy to melt and deform. It is widely used in the manufacture of products that need to withstand a certain degree of heat, such as electrical enclosures, automotive parts, etc.
In addition to its solubility, poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) is insoluble in common organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone. This property ensures that its structure and properties are not affected by dissolution in humid or exposed to a variety of chemical substances, thus maintaining stability.
As for its chemical properties, poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) has excellent chemical stability. Under normal conditions, it is not easy to chemically react with acids and bases, and can withstand the attack of a variety of chemical substances. This property makes it suitable for the manufacture of containers for storing various chemical products, as well as pipes and equipment parts for the chemical industry.
However, in high temperature and aerobic environments, poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) can undergo oxidation reactions, resulting in changes in its properties. In addition, under the action of specific strong chemical reagents, such as some concentrated acids and strong bases, although the reaction is slow, long-term contact can still damage its structure.
In its molecular structure, the presence of ester groups gives it the possibility of hydrolysis. Under extreme conditions of high temperature and humidity and the presence of catalysts, poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) can undergo hydrolysis, resulting in molecular chain fracture and performance degradation. However, under normal environmental conditions, this hydrolysis reaction rate is extremely slow, which has a weak effect on its performance.
What are the precautions for the production of poly (sodium styrene sulfonate)?
Poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate), when making, all matters must be paid attention to.
First of all, it is a heavy raw material. The quality of ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid is related to the quality of the product. The pure and good one must be selected. If there are few impurities, the process of polymerization will be smooth, and the properties of the product will also be good. If the water content of ethylene glycol is too high, it will inhibit the polymerization response, resulting in short chains of molecules and poor quality of the polymer.
The second is the reaction bar. Temperature is the key. The polymerization response has an appropriate temperature range. If the temperature is low, it should be slow, but the degree of polymerization is not reached; if the temperature is high, it will be associated with the qualitative change of the product. For example, if the step of esterification, the temperature should be controlled between one hundred and eighty to two hundred and twenty degrees, and when condensation, the temperature needs to rise to 260 to two hundred and ninety degrees. The pressure should not be ignored, and the pressure should be adjusted to help the reaction, so that the molecular chain can be delayed.
The catalytic agent has a non-light effect. It can promote the speed of reaction and reduce the temperature of reaction. However, its type and amount need to be determined. If the amount is small, the urging force will be weak and it should be slowed down; if the amount is large, the side effect will be caused, and the color of the product will become darker. If the titanium catalytic agent has high activity, it is easy to cause the product to turn yellow.
The operation of stirring should not be sparked. Mix raw materials and catalytic agents evenly to make the reaction uniform. If the stirring is not uniform, the local concentration and temperature will be different, and the quality of the product will be uneven.
The degree of polymerization must be monitored. The process of polymerization can be known by the measurement of viscosity and end groups. If the degree of polymerization is sufficient, the excellent yield will be obtained. If it is not reached, the properties will not meet the requirements; if it is too high, the processing will be difficult.
The work at the back is also an important section. Remove impurities, refine, and improve the purity of the product. Remove untreated materials and by-products, so that the properties of poly (ethylene glycol terephthalate) are stable and excellent. The step of drying, remove water and dehumidify, and avoid water damage to the polymer.
What happens when poly (sodium styrene sulfonate) is mixed with other substances?
If poly (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) is mixed with other substances, the reaction is quite complicated, and it must be considered according to the characteristics of its mixture.
If it encounters active hydrogen compounds, such as alcohols and amines, its epoxy group is very active and easy to open the ring. When it encounters alcohols, the hydroxyl hydrogen of alcohols will attack the epoxy ring, causing the epoxy ring to break, ether bonding and new hydroxyl groups. This reaction may require the help of catalysts to promote its rapid progress. The process is probably that the hydrogen-oxygen bond of the alcohol is heterogeneous, the hydroxyl oxygen nucleophilic attacks the epoxy carbon, and the epoxy ring is opened, eventually forming the ether-alcohol structure.
When encountering amines, the nitrogen atom of the amine has a lone pair of electrons, which has strong nucleophilicity and also attacks the epoxy ring. The reactions between primary amines and secondary amines are different. Primary amines react with epoxy groups, and one-amino hydrogen interacts with epoxy rings. After epoxy ring opening, nitrogen is attached to the original epoxy carbon, and the structure of hydroxyethylamine is produced; if it is a secondary amine, it also makes the epoxy ring open, and the nitrogen atom is connected to the epoxy carbon to obtain a substituted product. The reaction of these two, or the chain length and degree of branching of the poly (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether), have a great impact on its physical properties.
Acids mixed with it also react. Under acidic conditions, the epoxy ring is protonated, resulting in an increase in the positive electrification of epoxy carbon, making it more susceptible to nucleophilic attack. If there is water in the system, water can be used as a nucleophilic reagent to attack the protonated epoxy ring and the epoxy ring-opening glycol structure. If there are other nucleophilic reagents in the system, such as carboxyl groups, mercaptan groups, etc., it will also compete to attack the epoxy ring and produce different products according to the strength of nucleophilicity.
Metal salts are mixed with it, and some metal ions can be used as catalysts to catalyze the reaction of epoxy groups. For example, Lewis acid metal salts can coordinate with epoxy rings to polarize the epoxy ring, reduce the activation energy of the reaction, promote the reaction of epoxy groups with nucleophiles, and change the structure and properties of poly (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether).
In short, the reaction of poly (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) mixed with other substances depends on the properties of the mixture, reaction conditions (such as temperature, presence or absence of catalysts, etc.), or causes significant changes in its structure and properties.
What are the environmental effects of poly (sodium styrene sulfonate)?
"Tiangong Kaiwu" was written by Yingxing in the Ming and Song Dynasties. It responds to this question in classical Chinese. The following is for your reference:
Poly (dogwood chillin lead salt), its impact on the environment cannot be ignored. If this substance is scattered in the four realms, the first to bear the brunt is the quality of water and soil. The nature of aggregation, or the phase of various things in water and soil, causes the fertilizer of the soil to change, and the clarity and turbidity of the water to change.
Looking at all plants and trees, they depend on water and soil for their growth. If they are harmful to water and soil, the growth of plants and trees is also difficult. Or the leaves wither and branches wither, or the flowers are sparse and sparse, and the variety of species is gradually reduced. Between the mountains, forests and rivers, birds and beasts all feed on plants and trees for their dwellings. The water, soil and plants have changed, so they can only be good? Their habitats may be destroyed, their food sources may be exhausted, and the population will also be affected by them, or migrate or die, and the ecological order will be chaotic.
And gather in the atmosphere, and what people breathe and what things carry will suffer. People are in the middle of it, or they feel stuffy and tired, and various diseases are easily invaded; things are stained by it, and their color, taste and quality will change. In the long run, between heaven and earth, the vitality will gradually disappear, and the state of harmony will cease.
Therefore, gathering in the environment is really a big problem. All those who create and use things should be cautious, think about their advantages and disadvantages, and observe their end, so as not to leave disasters to future generations, and to protect the peace of the universe and the prosperity of all things.
