Potassium 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-Heptadecafluorooctane-1-Sulfonate

Potassium 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8 - Heptadecafluorooctane - 1 - Sulfonate, the Chinese name is often perfluorooctane sulfonate potassium, its use is quite extensive.
In the industrial field, it is often used as a surfactant. Because of its unique chemical structure, it has excellent surface activity, which can greatly reduce the surface tension of liquids, making liquids easier to spread and wet. In the textile industry, it can be used for waterproof, oil-proof and anti-fouling treatment of fabrics. After being treated with this substance, a low surface energy protective layer is formed on the surface of the fabric, making it difficult for water, oil and stains to adhere, improving the durability and cleanability of the fabric, just like a layer of "protective armor" for the fabric.
In the electronics industry, it also plays a key role. It can be used in the cleaning and etching process of electronic components. With good solubility and surface activity, it can effectively remove oil, dust and impurities on the surface of electronic components, ensuring stable and reliable performance of components, just like a detailed "clean bath" for electronic components.
In the field of fire protection, it is a key component of water film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent. It can quickly spread on the surface of the fuel to form a layer of water film and fluorocarbon film, inhibit fuel evaporation, isolate air, and achieve the purpose of efficient fire extinguishing, just like a "powerful warrior" on the battlefield of fire extinguishing.
In addition, in the production of some special coatings and inks, the addition of this substance can improve product leveling and wettability, improve product quality and performance, and add a unique "charm" to coatings and inks.

Potassium - 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8 - heptafluorooctane - 1 - sulfonate, often referred to as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), has many significant effects on the environment.
This substance is highly stable and extremely difficult to degrade in the environment. It is like a stubborn stone that persists for a long time and can remain for a long time. Once released into the environment, it is widely distributed, and the air, water, and soil are all contaminated by it, just like the spread of an epidemic, which is difficult to contain. It can be transported over long distances through atmospheric circulation, making it difficult to escape in remote areas.
PFOS has high bioaccumulation. After biological ingestion, if silk is entangled, it is difficult to excrete, and the concentration in the living body gradually increases. In the food chain, it will be passed along the layers and amplified, and the enrichment degree in the top organisms is alarming, threatening the balance of the entire ecosystem. Numerous biological experiments have shown that PFOS affects the growth and development of organisms, causing decreased fertility and immune damage, such as malformation of larval development and adult reproductive disorders, as if the life trajectory of organisms has been forcibly distorted.
For human health, PFOS in the environment enters the human body through food, drinking water and other channels, and the potential threat is huge. Although the ancient people did not know the name of PFOS, the harm is clearly identifiable today. It is associated with a variety of health problems, such as endocrine disorders and increased risk of cancer. It is like a hidden disease, quietly endangering human well-being.
In view of its harm to the environment and human beings, the world has taken many control measures to restrict its production and use, hoping to stop it from continuing to wreak havoc like a strong man breaking his wrist, in order to protect the environment and human peace for generations.

The method of preparing potassium with 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8-heptafluorooctane-1-sulfonate is described in ancient books, but it can be deduced by today's chemical techniques, or the following methods can be followed.
First, start with heptafluorooctanol. First, the reaction of heptafluorooctanol with sulfonating reagents, such as fuming sulfuric acid or chlorosulfonic acid, etc. In this step, the amount of sulfonating reagent, reaction temperature and time need to be carefully observed. If the temperature is too high, it may cause side reactions; if the time is not appropriate, the yield will be difficult to achieve. After obtaining heptafluorooctane sulfonic acid, it reacts with potassium sources such as potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate. After the neutralization process, the target 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8-heptafluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid potassium salt can be obtained.
Second, fluoroolefins are used as starting materials. The fluoroolefins are added to bisulfite, and then the sulfonic acid group is introduced. After that, the sulfonic acid group is reacted with suitable potassium salts to form a potassium salt state. In this path, the selection of olefins and the control of the addition reaction conditions are crucial. It is necessary to select olefins with suitable activity and control the pH and temperature of the reaction system to promote the reaction and reduce the generation of side reactions.
Third, or it can be started by perfluoroalkyl iodide. Perfluoroalkyl iodide reacts with sodium thiosulfate to obtain perfluoroalkyl sulfonate first, and then through appropriate conversion, potassium ions replace other cations in it, and finally obtain the target product. In this process, the activity of iodide is high, and the reaction is easy. However, attention should also be paid to the safety of the reaction, and the optimization of the conditions of the subsequent conversion steps is also the key, so that the purity and yield of the product are ideal.

Potassium - 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8 - heptafluorooctane - 1 - sulfonate, this substance has a number of physical properties. Its appearance may be white to slightly yellow powder or crystal, like frost and snow crystals, in sunlight or a fine luster.
In terms of solubility, it is easily soluble in water, just like salt melts in a clear spring, instant and the solution is clear and transparent. In organic solvents, the solubility varies. In polar organic solvents such as alcohols, there is a certain solubility, but in non-polar organic solvents such as alkanes, the solubility is very small, just like oil is difficult to melt in water.
In terms of melting point, there is a specific value. When heated to this temperature, the substance begins to gradually turn from solid to liquid, such as ice melting when warm. The boiling point is also a fixed value. At this high temperature, the substance turns from liquid to gaseous state and rises up.
Surface activity is significant, which can reduce the surface tension of the liquid, making the liquid seem more "affinity" and easy to spread and wet. This characteristic is widely used in many fields such as coatings, printing and dyeing, washing, etc., such as assisting in decontamination in washing and making the coating more uniform.
The density is relatively stable, and there is an exact value under specific conditions, which is like a standard for measuring its "weight". In addition, there is also good chemical stability, which is not easy to react with common substances under normal circumstances. It is like a calm old man who is stable in various changes in the world.

Potassium - 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8 - heptafluorooctane - 1 - sulfonate, this substance has many chemical properties. In terms of solubility, it is soluble in water. Due to the strong hydrophilicity of sulfonate groups, it can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which is favorable for dissolution; among organic solvents, depending on the properties of the solvent, polar organic solvents such as ethanol have good solubility, while non-polar solvents such as n-hexane have poor solubility.
In terms of stability, it is relatively stable under normal conditions. However, in the case of high temperature, strong acid or strong base environment, the stability is affected. At high temperature, some chemical bonds or breaks in the molecular structure cause decomposition; in strong acids, sulfonate groups or protonation; under strong bases, fluorine atoms in the molecule may undergo reactions such as substitution.
The surface activity is outstanding. One end of the molecule is a long hydrophobic chain containing fluoride, with strong hydrophobic and oleophobic ability, and the other end is a hydrophilic sulfonate group. This structure makes it oriented on the surface of the solution, reducing the surface tension, and is widely used in the field of surfactants. It can improve wettability, emulsification, dispersibility, etc.
Toxicity and bioaccumulation cannot be ignored. Because of its stable fluorine-containing structure, it is difficult to degrade in vivo, or accumulate in vivo. Studies have shown that such fluorinated organic compounds may affect the normal physiological functions of organisms and have latent risks to the environment and biological health.