What are the main uses of sulfonic acids?
Acid has a wide range of uses. First, in cooking, acid can add flavor. Such as vinegar, it can freshen dishes and make dishes rich and refreshing. When cooking fish, drop a little vinegar to remove its fishy smell and increase its fragrant taste. And the sour taste can appetizer and increase appetite. When eating, it is often more delicious because of a slight sour taste.
Second, in the field of medicine, acid also has an effect. Many herbs have a sour taste, and they can be used as medicine to condense sweat, prevent diarrhea, and astrin. Such as Schisandra, which has a sweet taste, has the effect of astringent lungs and kidneys, generating fluid and sweat, astrin and diarrhea, and calming the mind. It is quite beneficial for night sweats, chronic diarrhea, etc.
Third, in industry, acid has many uses. Strong acids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are important raw materials in chemical production. Sulfuric acid can be used to make fertilizers, pesticides, explosives, etc.; hydrochloric acid is often used to remove rust from metal surfaces, which can clean the metal surface and facilitate subsequent processing.
Fourth, in daily life, acid is also common. Citric juice is rich in citric acid, which has a fresh smell and can be used to make drinks. Drink it in summer to refresh and quench thirst. And citric acid also plays a role in food preservation, which can prolong the shelf life of food. Another example is acetic acid, which can be used for cleaning. Wiping furniture with acetic water can make it as clean as new.
Furthermore, in agricultural production, acidic substances can adjust soil pH. Some plants like acidic soil. If the soil is alkaline, an appropriate amount of acidic fertilizer or sulfur powder can be applied to adjust the soil environment and facilitate plant growth.
The use of acid runs through many aspects of life, production, medicine, etc., and is crucial to human activities.
What are the common application scenarios of sulfonic acid in industrial production?
Good, listen to my words. Acids are used in industrial production and have a wide range of common uses.
First, in the process of chemical synthesis, acids are an important raw material. Such as sulfuric acid, it can be used to make phosphate fertilizers. Because phosphate rock reacts with sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid can be produced, and then phosphate fertilizers can be produced, nourishing all things and helping to harvest grains. Nitric acid is used to synthesize nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate, which provides indispensable nutrients for the growth of crops, increasing the yield of fields and enriching the warehouse.
Second, metallurgy is also less of it. Hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid are often used for metal surface treatment. Taking iron and steel as an example, there are often impurities such as rust on the surface. Cleaning with acid can remove rust and make the metal surface clean and smooth, which is conducive to subsequent processing, such as electroplating, painting and other processes, to enhance the corrosion resistance of metals and prolong the service life of utensils.
Third, acid is also useful in the petroleum industry. In oil extraction, oil layers are often treated with acid. Through acidification operations, some minerals in rocks can be dissolved, the pores of oil layers can be expanded, the penetration rate of crude oil can be improved, and crude oil can be more easily flowed out, increasing oil production and meeting the needs of the world for energy.
Fourth, in the food industry, citric acid, acetic acid and other organic acids are widely used. Citric acid is often used as a food additive in beverages to adjust the taste and make it sweet and sour, which is loved by the world. Acetic acid is the main ingredient of vinegar, which adds food flavor and has a certain antiseptic effect to ensure food quality.
Fifth, the pharmaceutical industry also uses acid as an auxiliary. In the synthesis process of many drugs, acid is needed to adjust the reaction conditions, promote the reaction, help the production of good medicines, heal the world's patients, and ensure the well-being of the people.
All these are common application scenarios of acid in industrial production, which shows its importance in the world.
What are the physical properties of sulfonic acids?
"Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "Table salt is necessary for people's birthdays, and its physical properties can be investigated." The color of table salt is mostly pure white, but there are also yellowish and slightly gray, depending on the impurities it contains. Its quality is crystal clear, the particles are distinct, and it shines under the light, like fine stars.
The shape of table salt is often fine particles, with uniform particles, if fine sand is gathered in one place. Touched by hand, the texture is delicate, smooth but not greasy, and there is a slight adhesion between the particles, but it is easy to disperse.
In terms of its taste, salinity is a distinct feature of table salt. This salty taste is unique and strong. A little salt is placed on the tongue, which makes the salty taste suddenly appear and stimulates the taste buds. Although the taste is salty, it is indispensable in cooking. It can freshen up and add flavor, making the taste of all ingredients perfect.
Table salt has good solubility and is easy to dissolve in contact with water. In hot water, it melts especially quickly, and it melts with water in an instant. There is no shadow or form, but the taste of water turns salty, which can be proved to exist.
Furthermore, the melting point of table salt is quite high, and it takes a long time to melt. When it melts, it is a transparent liquid, and after cooling, it returns to a solid state, with particles as before.
The specific gravity of table salt is slightly larger than that of ordinary things, and when placed in the hand, it feels heavy to the touch, which shows its high density. This is the physical properties of salt, which is of great significance to our lives and production. It is a wonder between heaven and earth.
What are the chemical properties of sulfonic acids?
Acids have various properties. Acids are corrosive and can erode metals, stones and other substances. If a strong acid is placed on iron, soon the iron will gradually disappear and turn into a liquid. This is the power of acid etching.
Acid can combine with alkali to form salt and water, which is called neutralization. For example, if hydrochloric acid is mixed with sodium hydroxide, the two react quickly to produce sodium chloride and water, in which acid and base are combined and return to peace.
And acid can release hydrogen ions in water solubility, causing the solution to be acidic, which can turn litmus test solution red, which is the sign of acid. Test it, take a little acid solution, drop litmus test solution into it, and the test solution will be red.
Furthermore, acid is used as a catalyst in many reactions to promote the speed of reaction. Such as esterification, with sulfuric acid as a catalyst, organic acids and alcohols can be accelerated, esters and water can be formed, and the rate of reaction can be increased.
Acids are also divided into strong and weak. Strong acids are almost fully ionized in water, releasing a large amount of hydrogen ions, with strong corrosion and high activity; weak acids are only partially ionized, and hydrogen ions are released less, and the corrosion is weak, and the activity should be inferior.
The taste of acid is often sour, but do not taste it by mouth. Strong acids have strong corrosion and can hurt the body. Although the ancient sages did not know the chemical theory of acid in detail, they gradually knew the nature of acid in the experience of using things, and opened the way for the study of chemical theory in later generations.
What are the precautions for sulfonic acid during storage and transportation?
Good, this question is related to the storage and transportation of acid, and needs to be discussed in detail.
Acids are mostly corrosive. When storing, the first heavy container should be selected. Such as sulfuric acid, which is strong in nature, is often stored in special iron cans. Because iron can be passivated when exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid, it can form a dense oxide film to prevent further corrosion. However, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc., cannot be used in iron cans. It should be stored in glass or ceramic utensils. The materials of glass and ceramics are stable and resistant to acid erosion. And the storage place should be dry, cool and well ventilated, protected from direct sunlight to prevent the acid from being evaporated or decomposed by heat, causing concentration changes, and reducing the risk of chemical reactions caused by temperature.
As for transportation, ensuring safety is the top priority. Acids are mostly transported by tanker truck, and the tank must be sturdy and tightly sealed to prevent leakage. The material of the tank depends on the characteristics of the acid. In addition to the material considerations mentioned above, it should also be checked regularly for damage and corrosion. During transportation, keep the car steady and avoid severe operations such as sudden brakes and sharp turns to avoid damage to the tank caused by the impact of acid in the tank. And the transportation personnel must be familiar with the characteristics of acid and emergency methods. In case of leakage, know how to deal with it, such as preparing alkaline substances such as lime to neutralize strong acid, and at the same time report to relevant departments to evacuate the surrounding people.
Furthermore, clear identification is also key. Storage containers and transportation vehicles should be clearly marked with acid, and with warning signs, so that others can know the danger at a glance, and take precautions when operating and approaching. In this way, during the storage and transportation of acid, pay attention to all details to ensure safety and avoid disasters.
