Tiron (1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Sodium Salt)

Tiron (1,2-difluorophenyl-3,5-dicarboxybenzophenone) is an organic compound. Its chemical properties are unique and have the following characteristics:
- ** Physical properties **: Under normal conditions, Tiron (1,2-difluorophenyl-3,5-dicarboxybenzophenone) may be a solid with a specific melting point and boiling point. Due to the structure of difluorophenyl and dicarboxybenzophenone, the melting point is high due to intermolecular forces, and a higher temperature is required to melt; its boiling point is also affected by intermolecular forces and relative molecular weights.
- ** Solubility **: The solubility of this compound in organic solvents may vary depending on the properties of the solvent. In view of its molecular structure containing polar carboxyl groups with non-polar phenyl groups and fluorophenyl groups, it may have a certain solubility in polar organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), because polar solvents can form hydrogen bonds or other interactions with the carboxyl groups in compounds; while in non-polar solvents such as n-hexane, the solubility may be low.
- ** Chemical Activity **:
- ** Carboxyl Reaction **: Tiron contains two carboxyl groups and has typical chemical properties of carboxylic acids. It can neutralize with bases to form corresponding carboxylic salts and water; It can esterify with alcohols under acid catalysis to form ester compounds. This reaction is a reversible reaction, and the reaction conditions need to be controlled to improve the yield of esters; It can also react with ammonia or amines to form amides.
- ** benzene ring reaction **: The benzene ring in its molecule can undergo a typical electrophilic substitution reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons. If under the action of an appropriate catalyst, halogenation reaction, nitration reaction, sulfonation reaction, etc. can occur. Due to the electronic effect of fluorine atoms and carboxyl groups, the substitution reaction position is selective. The fluorine atom is an ortho-para-site group, and the carboxyl group is an meta-site group. The comprehensive electronic effect is affected. The electrophilic substitution reaction position needs to be specifically analyzed for the reaction
- ** Characteristics of fluorine atoms **: The fluorine atoms in difluorophenyl have strong electronegativity, which can affect the distribution of molecular electron clouds and enhance the stability and chemical activity of compounds. Fluorine atoms can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Although compared with other halogen atoms, fluorine atoms have lower nucleophilic substitution reactivity, but under specific conditions, such as the use of strong nucleophilic reagents and high temperatures, substitution reactions can still occur.

Tiron (1,2-difluorophenyl-3,5-dipotassium disulfonic acid) has the following common uses:
This substance has its uses in many fields. It is often used as a key intermediate in the field of chemical synthesis. Due to its special chemical structure, it can participate in a series of organic synthesis reactions and lay the foundation for the preparation of other complex organic compounds. For example, it can react with specific halogenated hydrocarbons, introduce corresponding functional groups, and help to construct new carbon-carbon bonds or carbon-heteroatomic bonds, thereby synthesizing organic materials with unique properties and structures.
In the field of materials science, it can be applied to the preparation of special functional materials. For example, in the preparation of some high-performance polymers, Tiron is introduced as an additive or comonomer, which can effectively improve the electrical, optical or thermal properties of the polymer. Because of its hydrophilicity, sulfonic acid groups can improve the hydrophilicity and ionic conductivity of polymers, which is of great significance in the preparation of materials such as proton exchange membranes, and is expected to be applied in fuel cells and other fields.
In the field of analytical chemistry, Tiron also plays an important role. It can be used as a sensitive color reagent for qualitative and quantitative analysis of certain metal ions. Because it can react with specific metal ions to form complexes with characteristic colors, the content of metal ions can be accurately determined by colorimetry or spectrophotometry. For example, for the detection of iron ions, the complexes formed by Tiron have strong absorption at specific wavelengths, which can achieve accurate determination of iron ions, and is widely used in environmental monitoring, water quality analysis and other scenarios.
In life science research, Tiron has attracted attention for its antioxidant properties. It can remove some free radicals generated in organisms and play a certain protective role in cells. In cell culture experiments and animal experiments, adding an appropriate amount of Tiron can be used to study the mechanism of antioxidant stress in cells, providing help for exploring the pathogenesis of certain diseases and finding potential therapeutic targets.

When storing and using Tiron (1,2-difluorophenyl-3,5-dipotassium disulfonic acid), there are many things to pay attention to.
First storage environment. This substance should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. If the environment is humid, it may cause moisture and deterioration, which will damage its chemical properties and efficacy. And if the temperature is too high, it may also cause chemical reactions, so it is essential to maintain a suitable temperature and humidity. And it should be stored separately from oxidizing agents, acids, bases, etc. to prevent dangerous interaction.
It is safe to use. When taking it, be sure to prepare protective equipment, such as protective glasses, gloves, protective clothing, etc., to prevent it from coming into contact with the skin and eyes. If you contact it accidentally, rinse it with plenty of water as soon as possible, and seek medical attention according to the specific situation. During use, you need to act strictly according to the operating procedures, and do not change the dosage and use method at will.
Furthermore, it is related to the operating norms. The use place should have good ventilation equipment to disperse the harmful gases that may be generated. After use, properly clean the use of appliances and sites to prevent residual substances from causing pollution. If there are waste substances, they must not be discarded at will, and should be disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations to avoid harm to the environment.
In short, during the storage and use of Tiron (1,2-difluorophenyl-3,5-disulfonic acid dipotassium salt), care must be taken and strict regulations must be followed to ensure the safety of personnel and the normal performance of material efficacy.

To prepare Tiron (1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate), the method is as follows:
Take pyrocatechol first, which is the key starting material. In an appropriate reactor, add pyrocatechol in a certain proportion, and then slowly add fuming sulfuric acid. This process requires strict control of the reaction temperature and addition rate to prevent the reaction from being too violent. The function of fuming sulfuric acid is to provide the sulfonic acid group required for sulfonation, so as to promote the sulfonation reaction of pyrocatechol.
When reacting, pay close attention to the change of temperature to maintain a suitable reaction temperature range in the cooling device, generally controlled in a specific range, so that the reaction can proceed smoothly. When the sulfonation reaction reaches the expected level, after a little cooling, slowly pour the reaction product into an appropriate amount of sodium hydroxide solution. This step is designed to make the sulfonic acid group into a sodium salt to achieve the conversion of the product.
When adding sodium hydroxide solution, you should also pay attention to the speed to avoid local overheating or the reaction is out of control. After adding it, continue to stir for a period of time to fully complete the reaction. Subsequently, the reaction mixture is treated, and insoluble impurities can be removed by filtration. After that, the filtrate is evaporated and concentrated. When a large number of crystals are precipitated, the heating is stopped, and the natural cooling is carried out to further precipitate the crystals completely.
Finally, the crystals are collected by suction filtration, washed with an appropriate amount of cold water to remove impurities attached to the surface, and then dried at low temperature to obtain the finished product of Tiron (1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate). The whole preparation process requires fine control of the reaction conditions at each step to obtain a pure product.

Tiron, that is, 1,2-difluorophenyl-3,5-dicyanobenzoate methyl ester, has unique physical properties and exhibits its characteristics in many reactions.
Encounters nucleophilic reagents, such as alcohols and amines, and the cyano and carboxyl methyl esters in Tiron are prone to nucleophilic substitution. Alcohols attack cyanyl groups, which can cause hydrolysis of nitrile groups to obtain amides or carboxylic acid derivatives; amines react with them to form nitrogen-containing heterocyclic or amide-based new compounds. Due to the strong nucleophilic properties of amine groups, they can attack the carbon sites of cyano or ester groups.
When encountering electrophilic reagents, such as halogenating agents and alkylating reagents, Tiron can be electrophilic substituted because its benzene ring is rich in electrons. The difluoro substituents on the benzene ring have a localization effect. During halogenation, halogen atoms may enter specific positions to form halogenated aromatics. The same is true when alkylating. The alkyl group is added according to the fluoro group localization rule to obtain the corresponding alkylation product.
Tiron also involves a reduction reaction. Under hydrogenation conditions, the cyano group may be reduced to an amine group. If the control is exquisite, only the cyano group can be reduced to obtain an intermediate containing an amino group and a cyano group. This intermediate is widely used when building complex structures in multiple steps in organic synthesis.
In an alkaline environment, Tiron ester group or hydrolysis gives 1,2-difluorophenyl-3,5-dicyanobenzoic acid. This acid can complex with metal ions to form metal-organic complexes, which have potential value in the fields of catalysis and materials science. It can also undergo acid-base neutralization with other acids or bases, and generate different salt products according to the reaction environment and the ratio of reagents.